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IMMS Flashcards

1
Q

Wilson’s disease is a type of genetic disorder affecting the active transport in the body. What is the Na+/K+ ATPase an example of

A

Tbc

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2
Q

What does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart

A

Undetermined gender in a pregnancy

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3
Q

Proteins often have multiple levels of folding. An alpha helix is an example of what kind of protein structure

A

Secondary

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4
Q

A reproductive union between 2 relatives is the definition for

A

Consanguinity

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5
Q

Some types of chemotherapy inhibit the enzyme topoisomerase. What is the function of topoisomerase

A

Unwinds the DNA double helix by relieving the supercoil

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6
Q

The amount of glucose within a cell has to be closely regulated and controlled. What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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7
Q

Enolase converts which substrate into phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis, what does an enolase enzyme generally do

A

Tbc

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8
Q

Where does the krebs cycle take place

A

Tbc

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9
Q

Which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the krebs cycle

A

Tbc

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10
Q

Some cells have very distinctive features that can easily be identified in a histological slide; in which cell are you most likely to find a perinuclear huff

A

A plasma cell

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11
Q

Many blood borne cells have to be regulated to ensure there are adequate amounts present in the blood. What is the regulatory hormone for platelets

A

Tbc

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12
Q

Which cell type has a reniform nucleus (histology)

A

Monocyte

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13
Q

A woman is brought to A&E by an ambulance following a myocardial infarction. After a series of tests, it is found that her atrioventricular node has suffered an infarction. Which artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node (AVN)

A

Tbc

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14
Q

In a foetus various arteries arise as branches of the pharyngeal arch, which arch does the maxillary artery arise from

A

Arch 1

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15
Q

Give 2 vasodilators

A

Prostacyclin
Atrial natuiretic peptide (ANP)
Bradykinin
Nitrous oxide

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16
Q

Give 2 vasoconstrictors

A

Angiotensin II

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17
Q

In a myocardial action potential, what happens at phase 2

A

Tbc

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18
Q

What does the T wave represent on an ECG

A

TBC

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19
Q

What is contained within the dense granules of platelets

A

Tbc

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20
Q

What does the bulbus cordis develop into

A

Tbc

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21
Q

Respiratory epithelium is found in many parts of the respiratory tract except

A

The larynx

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22
Q

What is the function of the pericilliary fluid

A

Tbc

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23
Q

A patient develops a lung carcinoma at the carina. At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate

A

T4

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24
Q

What is the definition of functional plasticity?

A

Tbc

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25
Q

There are many tests that are very useful to help diagnose respiratory diseases. What is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test

26
Q

Where can you find central chemoreceptors

27
Q

What percentage of the surface area of an alveoli does type 1 pneumocyte usually make up

28
Q

The diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve

A

Phrenic nerve

29
Q

Which cartilages are attached to the vocal cords

30
Q

At which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie

31
Q

Give an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

32
Q

Give 4 components of saliva

33
Q

Give some salivary glands which give purely serous secretions

A

Parotid gland

Von Ebners gland

34
Q

Give 2 factors that increase the strength of gastric peristaltic contractions

A

Gastrin

Gastric distention

35
Q

Give all of the fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E and K

36
Q

Which cell is equivalent of a pacemaker cell in the intestines

A

Interstitial cells of cajal

37
Q

What BMI range is considered to be overweight

38
Q

What BMI range is considered to be obese

39
Q

What BMI range is considered to be severely obese

40
Q

Fluid is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by the small intestine. What percentage of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine

41
Q

Which hormone is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion

A

Cholecystokinin

42
Q

Hyponatraemia is a lack of which ion

43
Q

What is the typical fluid volume distribution in the interstitial compartment and intracellular compartment in a 70kg male

A

Interstitial

Intracellular

44
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has a genetic component to it. What is a method of genetic testing in pregnancy?

45
Q

Define penetrance in genetics

46
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur in a foetus

47
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur in an adult

48
Q

Give the structure of foetal haemoglobin

49
Q

Give the structure of adult haemoglobin

A

2 alpha chains

2 beta chains

50
Q

A woman who gives birth at a hospital suffers severe blood loss asa result of postpartum haemorrhage. Why does the haematocrit not changefolloing a major trauma in which a lot of blood is lost

51
Q

Define FEV1

52
Q

Define FVC

53
Q

Name a method that can be used to measure total lung capacity

54
Q

FVC below 80% of predicted value is indicative of?

55
Q

State 2 effects of ageing on lung function

56
Q

What type of prevention i smoking cessation in regards to lung cancer

57
Q

What is pernicious anaemia

A

Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disease affecting the parietal cells of the stomach

58
Q

Where in the stomach are you most likely to find G cells (enteroendocrine cells)

59
Q

Give two vitamins absorbed in the terminal ileum

A

Vitamin B12

60
Q

Give 4 features used to distinguish the small intestine from the colon

A

Colon

  • peripheral location
  • epiploic appendices
  • haustrations
  • taenia coli

Small intestine

  • central location
  • plicae circularis
  • villi
  • microvilli
61
Q

Define Sensitivity

62
Q

Define specificity

Flascards (17 decks)

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