Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2a > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma investigations

A

Fev1 reduced
Fvc normal
Fev1/fvc <0.7
FeNO3 over 40ppb adults, over 35 child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Risk factors asthma

A

Atopy, low birth weight, not breast fed, exposure to allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Long term asthma management

A

1) SABA
2) SABA + ICS
3) SABA + ICS + LTRA
4) SABA + ICS + LTRA + LABA (stop LTRA in kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Saba inhaler example

A

Salbutamol

Only use when having an episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ICS example

A

Beclametosone

Budesonide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LTRA

A

Leukotrine receptor agonist

Montelukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LABA example

A

Salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute asthma management

A

1) oxygen, 2) salbutamol nebuliser 3) ipratropium bromide nebuliser (LABA). 4) hydrocortisone IV or oral prednisolone. 5) IV magnesium sulphate. 6) aminophylline/IV salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emphysema

A

Loss of elasticity of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

COPD Investigations

A

FEV1/FVC under.7
CXR hyperinflation, bullae (burst alveoli), flat hemidiaphragm, exclude malignancy
FBC to exclude secondary polycythaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genetic component that can be present in COPD

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Long term COPD management

A

SABA OR SAMA; if featured of asthma/ steroid responsiveness add LABA and ICS. If no asthma features just SABA +LABA + LAMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute exacerbation of COPD management

A

1) bronchodilators and oxygen
2) oral prednisolone
3) CPAP before intubation and ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TB management

A

RIPE for 2 months
RI for 4 months
Rifamycin isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Latent TB management

A

RI for 6 months

I for further 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the cavitation for TB

A

Upper lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Permanent dilation of airway
Result of post infection, cf, lung cancer
H. Influenza most common
Get oedema so kerley b lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CAP pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

HAP pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E coli
Klebsiella - often alcohol dependent pts
Staph aureus - cf pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pneumonia in immunocompromised

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci - fungal - more subtle presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

Legionella pneumophilia
Mycoplasma
Etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Inhalation of fluids etc

Those with swallowing difficulties etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CURB65

A

Assesses severity of pneumonia
Confusion Urea >7, Resp rate >30 BP <95 systolic+/ <60 diastolic. Age >65
0-1 outpatient treatment
2 hospital admission or close outpatient management
3 consider intensive care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Course crackles
Pneumonia
26
Fine crackles
Fibrosis
27
Curb score 1 management
Oral amoxicillin for 5d (or macrolide)
28
Curb 2 management
Dual therapy with amoxicillin and macrolide for 7-10 days
29
Curb score over 3
IV coamoxiclav and macrolide
30
Most common pharyngitis organism
VIRAL (rhinovirus etc) or Group A beta haemolytic strep/ strep pyogenes
31
Symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis
Fever, pharyngeal exudate, cervical lymphadenopathy, absence of cough and runny nose
32
Symptoms of viral pharyngitis
Runny nose blocked nose sneezing cough
33
How to establish whether cause is bacterial
Rapid antigen detection test | If negative but still suspicious- throat culture
34
Sinusitis common causes
Strep pneumoniae Haemophilus influenza Rhino viruses Can get secondary bacterial
35
Risk factors sinusitis
Nasal pathology (septal deviation, nasal polyps) Recent local infection Swimming/diving Smoking
36
Bacterial sinusitis signs
Longer lasting symptoms (over 10 days), purulent nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, dental/facial pain, headache
37
Treatment sinusitis
Rarely give antibiotic. Usually analgesia, intranasal decongestants
38
Subtypes of non small cell lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Large cell and differentiated carcinoma Carcinoid tumours
39
Most common lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma
40
Which lung cancer is most strongly associated with cigarette smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma | Typically in central bronchus
41
Which lung cancers cause paraneoplastic syndromes
Carcinoid tumours and small cell lung cancers
42
Metastasise to lung
Breast bowel bladder kidney prostate
43
Common sites of lung cancer metastasis
Liver bone adrenal glands brain
44
Common paraneoplastic changed
PTH, ADH, ACTH | A&A - small cell lung cancers
45
Extra pulmonary manifestations of lung cancer
``` Pressing on recurrent laryngeal nerve - hoarse voice SVC obstruction - pembertons sign (facial swelling, distended veins in neck & chest) Horners syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis) ```
46
What is miosis
Constriction of pupil
47
Lung cancer diagnostic
Percutaneous or bronchoscopic biopsy and histology
48
Pleural effusion exudate causes
Inflammation: lung cancer, pneumonia, RA, TB | Local causes
49
Pleural effusion transudatige causes
Fluid shifting - increased pressure or low protein count Congestive HF, fluid overload, hypoalbuminsemia (cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome) Systemic causes
50
High protein count
Over 3g/l
51
CXR signs of pleural effusion
Blunting of costophrenic angle Fluid in lung fissures Meniscus Tracheal and mediastinal deviation if large
52
What is WELLs score
Likely hood of PE | Wells score under 4: PE unlikely, do ddimer
53
PE management
Apixaban or rivaroxaban first line Or LMWH for 5d then dabigatran 3 months for provoked, longer for unprovoked IVC filter
54
Haemodynamic instability with PE treatment
Thrombolysis (alteplase) | Surgical option: embolectomy
55
Pneumothorax breath sounds
Absent or reduced
56
Haemothorax brewth sounds
Hyperresonant
57
Rifampicin SE
Red urine, hepatitis, drug interactions
58
Isoniazid SE
Hepatitis | Neuropathy
59
Pyrazinamide SE
Hepatitis Arthralgia (joint stiffness) Rash Gout
60
Ethambutol SE
(Bacteriostatic) | Optic neuritis
61
Auscultation pneumonia
Increased vocal resonance | Increased tactile fremitus
62
Anterior mediastinal mass
4Ts | Teratoma, Thymoma, Terrible lymphoma, Thyroid
63
Sign of lower lobe left collapse
Sail sign
64
Causes of fibrosis
``` MTX, amiodarone, bleomycin Autoimmune (RA,SLE, scleroderma) Interstitial pneumonitis Asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, silicosis Sarcoid ```
65
CF treatment
Chest physio, exercise, high calorie, CREON tablets for pancreatic insufficiency, prophylactic flucloxaxillin, bronchodilators, nebulised DNase, nebulised hypertonic saline, vaccinations
66
GPA signs
Saddle shaped nose Haemoptysis, cough, wheeze Nose bleeds, hearing loss, sinusitis
67
GPA treatment
Cyclophosphamide injections to get under control. Then mtx & sterlids
68
Community acquired pleural infection
S. Milleri. S. Pneumonia. Staph aureus. Anaerobes
69
Hospital acquired pleural infection
Mrsa Staph aureus Enterococcus
70
Eosinophilic asthma
TH2
71
Interstitial lung disease CT
Honeycomb appareanve of fibrosis. Traction bronchiectasis
72
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment
Pirfenidone - inhibits fibroblasts generating ECM. SE: photosensitive rash, GI Nintedanib - inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors. SE diarrhoea
73
Connective tissue disease CT
Ground glass changes
74
Drugs that induce ILD
Nitrofurantoin. MTX. Amiodarone. Bleomycin
75
Epiglossitis signs
Odynophagia, inspiratory stridor. Neck XR: thumb sign | Aetiology: HiB
76
Bordatella pertussis treatment
Clarithromycin & vaccination
77
Croup cause and presentation
Parainfluenza | Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, febrile, prominent intercostal recessions
78
Example of a restrictive respiratory disease
``` Sarcoidosis Interstitial lung disease Scoliosis NMD Marked obesity ```
79
Obstructive disorders
COPD Asthma Bronchiectasis
80
Small vs large pneumothorax
Small <2cm
81
LAMA example
Tiotropium bromide
82
Needle thoracostomy location
2nd intercostal space midclavicular line
83
Influenza incubation period
1-4 days
84
COPD XR signs
Hyperinflation Bullae Flat hemidiaphragm
85
Which lung cancer rarely metastasez to distant sites
Mesothelioma
86
Extra pulmonary TB signs
Persistent swollen glands. Abdominal pain. Dysuria . Jaematuria. Pain & loss of movement in bone/joint. Confusion. Headache. Seizures

2a (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions