Cardio

Question 1

Mitral stenosis murmur

Answer 1

Rumbling mid diastolic with opening snap

Question 2

Mitral stenosis symptoms

Answer 2

Exertional dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Palpitations
Chest pain

Question 3

Mitral stenosis signs

Answer 3

Malar flush (mitral faces)
AF
Tapping apex beat
Low volume pulse
Loud S1

Question 4

Mitral stenosis causes

Answer 4

Rheumatic heart disease
Calcification
Congenital

Question 5

Mitral regurgitation murmur

Answer 5

Pan systolic radiating to left axilla

Question 6

Mitral regurgitation symptoms

Answer 6

Palpitation
Exertion dyspnoea
Fatigue
Weakness

Question 7

Mitral regurgitation signs

Answer 7

Atrial fibrillation
Displaced thrusting apex
Soft/absent s1

Question 8

Mitral regurgitation causes

Answer 8

Papillary muscle rupture / dysfunction e.g. post MI
Mitral calve prolapse 
Rheumatic heart diseas
IE
Connective tissue disorders

Question 9

Aortic stenosis murmur

Answer 9

Ejection systolic murmur

Crescendo decrescendo

Question 10

Aortic stenosis symptoms

Answer 10

Triad of syncope, angina, dyspnoea

Question 11

Aortic stenosis signs

Answer 11

Sustained heaving apex
Slow rising pulse
Narrow pulse pressure
Soft s2 if severe

Question 12

Aortic stenosis causes

Answer 12

Calcification
Congenital bicuspid valve
Rheumatic heart disease

Question 13

Aortic regurgitation murmur

Answer 13

Early diastolic murmur (blowing)
(Best heard on expiration sat forward)
Austin flint murmur
Systolic ejection murmur due to increased flow across valve

Question 14

Aortic regurgitation symptoms

Answer 14

Palpitations
Angina
Dyspnoea

Question 15

Aortic regurgitation signs

Answer 15

Water hammer pulse
Wide pulse pressure
Displaced apex

Question 16

Aortic regurgitation causes

Answer 16

Acute - aortic dissection, IE

Chronic - connective tissue disorders, rheumatic heart disease, RA, AS, takayasu

Question 17

Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 17

Pan systolic murmur heard loudest during inspiration

V waves in jugular veins

Question 18

IE peripheral signs

Answer 18

Petechiae
Splinter haemorrhages
Oslers nodes
Jane way lesions
Roth spots