Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2a > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Primary care antibiotic for suspected meningitis

A

IM benzylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hospital immediate antibiotic for meningitis

A

IV ceftriaxone/cefotaxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causative organism of meningitis in immunocompromised & treatment

A

Listeria meningitis. Ceftriaxone & amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prophylactic antibiotics for N. Meningitidis

A

Ciprofloxacin/rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Additional treatment in bacterial meningitis

A

Steroids (IV dexamethasone) reduced inflammation & damage in pneumoniae meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacterial causes of meningitis in neonates

A

Listeria, group B strep, ecoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial causes of meningitis in children

A

Neisseria meningitisis, strep pneumoniae, HiB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial meningitis causes adults

A

Neisseria meningitidis, strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bacterial causes of meningitis in elderly

A

Neisseria meningitidis, strep pneumoniae, listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viral meningitis causes

A

Enterovirus

HSV, VZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Encephalitis vause

A

Usually viral, HSV, VZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Encephalitis treatment t

A

Supportive. IV acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute migraine treatment

A

Oral Triptan & nsaid

Antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preventative migraine treatment

A

Topiramate or propranolol
Acupuncture
Gabapentin/amitryptiline; high dose B2 (riboflavin)
Botulinum toxin type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SAH treatment

A

Surgical/radiological intervention to prevent rebleeding
Resuscitation
Nimodipine
Monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MS acute relapse management

A

Steroids (methylprednisolone)

Plasma apheresis if contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Management of frequent MS relapses

A

Disease modifying (beta interferon, nataluzimab, ocrelizumab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common pathway of glioma

A

Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) results in build up of 2-hydroxyglutarate -> genetic instability of glial cells & inappropriate mitosis.
&1p19q mutation in oligodendrogliomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Less common glioma pathway

A

No IDH mutation, catastrophic genetic mutation, poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

High grade glioma treatment

A

Steroids (reduce oedema), surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (temozolamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Low grade glioma treatment

A

Surgery, radio & chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What drugs are used in thrombolysis

A

Tissue plasminogen activator e.g. alteplase

Within 4.5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thrombolysis contraindications

A

Due to haemorrhage risk

Hypertension, major surgery within 3 months, other bleeding, brain malignancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Time limit for mechanical thrombectomy

A

6 hours. Or more for basilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Prevention of another stroke

A

Antiplqtelts (aspirin for 2 weeks then clopidogrel for life)
Anticoagulatjon if in AF (chadsvasc & hasbled)
Treat hypertension slowly.
Statins

26
Q

TIA assessment

A

ABCD^2
Age >60, BP >140/90, clinical features (unilateral weakness 2pts, just speech disturbance 1pt), diabetes, duration (>60mins 2 pts, 10-59 1pt).
High risk: >4 pts

27
Q

Essential tremor treatment

A

Beta blockers, primidone, gabapentin, clonezapam

28
Q

A alpha

A

Proprioception

29
Q

A beta

A

Light touch, pressure, vibration.

30
Q

A delta

A

Cold, pain

Myelinated

31
Q

C fibres

A

Pain, warm

Unmyelinated

32
Q

First line tia investigation

A

Diffusion weighted MRI/CT

33
Q

Second line tia inv

A

Carotid imaging

34
Q

ACA stroke

A

Lower limb
Incontinence, drowsiness
Thinking and personality
Truncal ataxia

35
Q

MCA stroke

A

Upper (&lower) limb
Hemiparesis
Speech issues
Facial droop

36
Q

PCA stroke

A

Perception

Homonymous hemianopia

37
Q

Verterbrobasilar artery stroke

A

Coordination & balance

38
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome

A

Sudden vomiting & vertigo

Ipsilqteral horners syndrome (reduced sweating, facial numbness, dysarthria, limb ataxia, dysphagia)

39
Q

Brainstem infarction

A 
Quadriplegia
Facial paralysis
Coma
Locked in 
Altered consciousness
Vertigo, vomiting
40
Q

Immediate stroke management

A

Ct/mri to rule out haemorrhage

41
Q

Extra dural h

A

Middle meningeal a

Fracture of temporal or parietal

42
Q

SAH

A

Star shaped lesion on CT
Berry Aneurysm rupture
Nimodipine 3 weeks

43
Q

Sub dural H

A

Banana shaped
Grey/hypodense over time
Bleeding from dural bridging veins

44
Q

Epilepsy diagnostic criteria

A

2 unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24h apart
Or one unprovoked seizure & probability of future seizures
Epileptic syndrome diagnosis

45
Q

Epilepsy investigations

A

EEG
MRI/CT to exclude tumours
Bloods

46
Q

Epilepsy treatment

A

Sodium valproate. But if female of child bearing potential: lamotrigine
Myoclonic: lecetiracetam/topiramate
Absence: ethosuximide
Partial seizure: lamotrigine/carbamazepine

47
Q

Status epilepticus treatment

A

IV lorazepam -1st line

If ineffective phenytoin

48
Q

Parkinson’s investigation

A

DaTscan

49
Q

Parkinson’s presentation

A

Tremor, cog wheel walk, stooped gait, difficulty with fine/repetitive movement
(Have beta amyloid plaques)

50
Q

Parkinson’s management

A

Young/biologically fit: Da agonist then MOAB inhibitor then Ldopa
Biologically frail: L dopa then Moab inhibitor

51
Q

Huntington’s

A

Loss of gaba (inhibits dopamine) so too much dopamine
Repeated CAG >35. HTT gene
Autosomal dominant

52
Q

Huntington’s investigation

A

MRI/CT for loss of striata volume

Genetic testing

53
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Beta amyloid plaques & neurofibrillaty tangles
Progressive & global onset
Investigation: MRI
Treatment: cholinesterase inhibitors

54
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Multiple infarcts
Sudden onset, stepwise deterioration, patchy deficits
Investigation: MRI - infarcts
Treatment: manage predisposing factors

55
Q

Lewy Body dementia

A

Lewibodies in occipito parietal region
Fluctuating cognitive dysfunction, visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism
Treatment: cholinesterase inhibitors

56
Q

Frontotemporal/Picks dementia

A

Pick Bodies
Disinhibition, personality change, early memory preservation, progressive aphasia
Investigation: MRI frontal or temporal atrophy

57
Q

Sentinel headache

A

Rare warning headache before SAH

58
Q

Migraine triggers

A

CHOCOLATE

chocolate, hangovers, orgasms, cheese, ocp, lie ins, alcohol, tumult, exercise

59
Q

Cluster headache risk factors

A

Male, smoker, alcohol, genetics

60
Q

Cluster headache prevention

A

CCBs

Prednisolone

61
Q

Multiple sclerosis presentation

A

TEAM

Tingling, Eye (optic neuritis) Ataxia, Motor (paraparesis)

62
Q

MG

A

Normal reflexes
But weakness everywhere else
Worsened by pregnancy, infection, emotion, drugs
Positive tensilon Test

2a (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions