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Body Systems > Resp (1) > Flashcards

Resp (1) Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

Superior / inferior

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2
Q

What fissure is present in the left lung

A

Oblique fissure

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3
Q

Which lung is larger

A

Right

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4
Q

What is the carina

A

Structure that seperates the two bronchi

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5
Q

Thoracic Inlet is found where

A

Superior end of ribs

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6
Q

Thoracic Outlet is found where

A

Inferior end of ribs closed off by diaphragm

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7
Q

at the 2nd intercoastal , what can be found

A

Pulmonary valves

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8
Q

at the 5th intercoastal rip, what can be found

A

apex of heart

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9
Q

Phrenic nerves originate fromn where

A

C3/4/5

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10
Q

Superior / Anterior movement of sternum is done by what

A

Upper ribs

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11
Q

What does the upper ribs increase?

A

Antereoposterior diameter

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12
Q

what causes the elavation of the lateral shaft of ribs?

A

Lower ribs

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13
Q

What is increased by the lower ribs

A

Transverse diameter

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14
Q

What does the pleura do in terms of pressure

A

Increases the negative intrapleural space pressure

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15
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura

A

Cervical

Coastal

Diaphragmatic

Mediastinal

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16
Q

give an example of an intrinisic restrictive respriatory disease

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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17
Q

give an example of an extrinisic restrictive respiratory disease

A

Pneumothorax

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18
Q

What happens to intrapleural pressure during inspiration

A

increase

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19
Q

What happens to incrapleural pressure during expiration

A

Decrease

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20
Q

During harder breathing in expiration, what contracts

A

Internal intercoastal muscles + abdominal muscles

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21
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume consists of what

A

Large of a volume exhaled as deeply as possible

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22
Q

what prevents complete emptying of the lungs

A

Rigid thorax + pleural attachements of lungs

23
Q

Vital capacity includes what 3 things

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Expriatory Reserve Volume (ERV)

24
Q

functional residual capacity consists of what?

What is it dependent on?

A

ERV + RV

Compliance of lungs

25
Q

Compliance is not what throughout the lung

A

Equal

26
Q

to measure pressure of lung what is used

A

Oesophageal balloon

27
Q

2 Reduced compliance diseases

A

Kyphoscoliosis

Circumferential Burn

28
Q

Increased compliance disease

A

Emphysema

29
Q

Closing capacity

A

Volume of luings if bronchioles + alveoli collapse

30
Q

Closing capacity equation

A

Closing volume + residual volume

31
Q

Law of laplace

A

P = 2T / R

32
Q

How is surface tension decreased

A

Forming a sphere

33
Q

Hysteresis

A

Lung volume during inhalation is less than lung volume during expiration

34
Q

Causes of hysteresis

A

Reduced compliance

35
Q

if FEV1/FVC = <0.7

A

obstructive

36
Q

Work =

A

Volume x pressure

37
Q

How is work reduced in restrictive diseases

A

rapid small volume breaths

38
Q

How is work reduced in obstructive diseases

A

Large volume breaths

39
Q

What does humifidication of oxygen do

A

decreases partial pressure of O2

40
Q

increasing solubility of a fluid does what to partial pressure of a gas

A

Decreases

41
Q

typical ventilation L/min

A

5.5

42
Q

Which part of the alveoli is the largest

A

Apical

43
Q

Which part of the alveoli can expand the most and has better ventilation

A

Basal

44
Q

Bronchial artery stems from what

A

Thoracic aorta

45
Q

At the zone 1 of alveolar dead space, what happens in terms of ventilation and perfusion

A

Good ventilation but no perfusion

46
Q

At zone 2 of the Recruitment zone, what happens to the PP of gases

A

Higher P(arterial pressure) due to higher hydrostatic pressure

47
Q

Blood flow is determined by what in zone 2

A

Difference in P(arterial) + P(Alveoli)

48
Q

the distention zone is found where

A

Base of lung

49
Q

Blood flow is determined by what in zone 3

A

P(arterial) + P(venous)

50
Q

V/Q of apex of lung

V/Q of base of lung

A
  1. 3

0. 6

51
Q

Physiological dead space consists of (2)

A

Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space

52
Q

Anatomical dead space includes (2)

A

Mouth + trachea

anything not involved in gas exchange

53
Q

V/Q of shunt

A

Low

54
Q

Shunts can occurs from what

A

Pneumothorax

Bronchial veins

Body Systems (9 decks)

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