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Cardiology (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Brachiocephalic Trunk stems into what 2 arteries

A

Right sub Clav

Right Carotid

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2
Q

The anterior inter-ventricular artery stems from what

A

Left coronary Artery

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3
Q

The post-ventricular artery stems from what

A

Right Coronary Artery

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4
Q

the Iliac crest branches off where (L)

A

L4

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5
Q

Where does the aorta go through the diaphragm (T)

A

T12

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6
Q

What is coarctation of aorta

A

Decreasing blood flow to inferior body via stenosis

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7
Q

Deep veins structure (

A

Duplicated / Triplicated

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8
Q

in terms of lymphatic systems, what is found abundant in the capillaries

A

Lymphatic plexuses

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9
Q

the circulatory system consists of what (2)

A

Cardiovascular system

Lymphatic system

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10
Q

formation of the heart begins on what day

A

day 22

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11
Q

The epicardium + myocardium dervives from what

A

visceral mesoderm

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12
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

angioblasts differentiating into endothelial cells

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13
Q

Vasculogenesis occurs on what 2 days?

A

Day 17 + 18

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14
Q

What causes visceral / splanchnic mesoderm into angioblasts

A

Endoderm

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15
Q

When angioblasts differentiate into endothelial cells, what forms

A

2x Endocardial tubes

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16
Q

How is the primitive heart tube formed

A

Fusion of the 2x Endocardial tubes

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17
Q

How is the myocardium formed

A

Visceral mesoderm surrounding primitive heart tube

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18
Q

How is cardiac jelly formed

A

Secretion of CT from myocardium

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19
Q

The bulbus Cordis consists of what (2)

A

Truncus Arteriosus

Conus Arteriosus

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20
Q

The pericardial cavity consists of what (3)

A

Primitive Ventricle

Conus Arteriosus

Truncus Arteriosus

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21
Q

What does the sinus venosus form

A

Atrium walls Right

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22
Q

Smooth part of atrium is formed from what

Rough part of atrium is formed from what?

A

Sinus Venosus

Primitive atrium

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23
Q

Border between trabeculated + sinus vernarum (smooth part)

A

Crista Terminalis

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24
Q

The majority of the ventricular wall is formed from what?

A

Primitive ventricle

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25
The trabeculated part of the ventricle is called what
Trabeculae carneae
26
Smooth walls of ventricles are formed from what
Conus arteriosus
27
Intussuception is what By what week does intussuception forme
4 pulmonary veins incorporated into wall of L.atrium Wk5
28
What seperates the L +R atrium? Where does it outgrow from
Septum Primum Dorsal wall
29
The foramen primum is what
connection between L+R atrium
30
What do cushions form from? What do these fuse together to form?
Endothelium boundary expanding Atrioventricular septum
31
foraman ovale forms from what structure
Septum secundum
32
Foraman ovale allows what
blood to bypass lungsd
33
Where does the interventricular septum grow into? What portion does the growing
Drives into the interventricular foramen Muscular portion
34
What completes the closing of the gap between LV + RV
Membranous part
35
What forms the aorta + pulmonary trunk
Truncus Arteriosus
36
How does the truncus arteriosus form the Aorta + pulmonary trunk
Via endocardial swellings and Conotruncal ridges spiralling around each other
37
What seperates outflow of LV + RV? What cells form these
Conotruncal Septum Neural Crest Cells
38
What vein allows bypassing of liver in a foetus
Ductus venosus
39
What allow blood entering pulmonary artery to bypass lung to go straight into aorta
Ductus arteriosus
40
What causes closure of ductus venosus? WHat does this form in the liver
Termination of umbilical cord Ligamentum Venosum
41
Closure of the foraman ovale is caused by what? What does this form
Pulmonary pressure changes Fossa Ovalis
42
What causes the ductus arteriosus to close? WHat does this form
first breaths Ligamentum arteriosum
43
What bundle is responsible for connection between the SAN and the Left Atria
Bachmans bundle
44
At phase 0, what occurs
Na Channels open
45
At phase 1, what occurs
Na Channels close
46
at phase 2, what occurs
Calcium channels open K+ channels close
47
At phase 3, what occurs
Calcium channels close K+ channels open
48
At phase 4, what occurs
Resting potential
49
Primary functional pacemaker? What its beats/min
SAN 100
50
Secondary functional pacemaker? What its beats/min
AVN 40
51
Tertiary functional pacemaker What its beats/min
Purkinje Fibres 20
52
Na+ channel blockers are what class type of drug Give an example
Class 1 Quinidiene
53
Calcium channel blockers are what class type of drug Give an example
class 4 Verapamil
54
K channel blockers are what class type of drug Give an example
Class 3 Amiodarone
55
B blocker are what class type Give an example
Class 2 Propranolol
56
AVN delay
100ms
57
Ventricular Depolarization occurs when
QRS complex
58
Ventricular Repolarization occurs when
T wave
59
Difference between elastic and muscular artery
Large lumen on elastic
60
The tunica media appears to be what in Arteries>
Wavy
61
What is absent in veins
Internal + external elastic membrane
62
continuous capillaries are found where
BBB + Most tissues
63
What do continuous capillaries have in their membrane
Intercellular clefts
64
Fenestrated capillaries are found where (3)
Small intestine + kidneys + endocrine organs
65
Sinusoid capillaries are found where (3)
Liver + Spleen + lymph nodes
66
Virchows Triad consists of what
Abnormal Blood flow Endothelial injury hypercoagulability
67
Frictionless flow can be found where
veins . venules
68
Laminar flow can be found where
arteries
69
Turbulent flow can be found where
Aorta
70
Systolic BP definition
Maximal aortic pressure following ejection
71
mean arterial pressure + equation
Avg. BP in one cardiac cycle CO x TPR
72
Increasing blood flow (dilators x3)
Low O2 High CO2 High Temp
73
Decreasing blood flow (constrictors x2)
PG Leukocytes
74
2 types of true aneurysms
Saccular Fusiform
75
arterial thrombi consists of
platelets
76
Venous thrombi consists of
RBC Red

Body Systems (9 decks)

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