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Body Systems > Cardiology (3) > Flashcards

Cardiology (3) Flashcards

1
Q

Natriuretic peptides induce what

A

Excretion of Na

H20 follows

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2
Q

Natriuretic peptides are released from what stimulation

A

Myocytes stretching via increased plasma volume increasing

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3
Q

90% of hypertension is caused by what

A

Primary

Age related decreased sensitivity of baroreceptors

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4
Q

Secondary hypertension involves what

A

diseases (renal + endocrine)

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5
Q

Eutrophic remodelling occurs where?

What does this lead to in terms of blood pressure

What does this lead to in terms of SV

A

Small arteries

increased diastolic pressure

Increased SV

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6
Q

Hypertrophic remodelling occurs where?

What does this lead to in terms of blood pressure

What does this lead to in terms of wall stiffness

A

Large arteries

Increased systolic pressure

increased wall stiffness

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7
Q

hypertension can cause what disease in the kidney

A

Hypertensive neuropathy

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8
Q

Hypertensive neuropathy involves what

A

Renal arteriole thicken due to HTN

Decreased lumen size + BF decreases

Ischaemia of parts of kidney due to low BF

Fibrosis + atrophy

damage to glomerulus

Haemoproteinuria

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9
Q

what happens to blood viscosity in hypertensive patients

A

Inreased

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10
Q

management of HTN acronym

A

A C D

ACE inhibitors + angiotensin blockers

Calcium Blockers

Diuretics

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11
Q

ACE inhibitor drug

A

Ramipril

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12
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker drug

A

Caandesartan

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13
Q

Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridines)

A

amlodipine

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14
Q

Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropyridines)

A

Diltiazem

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15
Q

what do dihydropyridines do?

A

Vasodilators + Diuretics

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16
Q

What do non-dihydropyridines do?

A

Negative Ionotropy + chronotropy

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17
Q

Diuretic drug (thiazide)

A

Indapamide

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18
Q

where do thiazide drugs work on

A

Distal convulated tubule (DCT)

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19
Q

Diuretic drug (loop on henle)

A

Furosemide

20
Q

Diuretic drug (collecting tube)

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

21
Q

Moxonide does what

A

Reduces SNS activity

22
Q

Doxazosin is what type of blocker

A

A- Blocker

23
Q

Baroreceptor reflex affects vaasodilatation through what type of receptors

A

Alpha receptors

24
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus detect what (2)

A

Renal perfusion pressure

Sodium concentration

25
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus release

A

Renin

26
Q

Diastolic dysfunction is heart failure with what?

A

HFPEP

Preserved Ejection fraction

27
Q

Systolic dysfunction is heart failure with what?

A

HFREP

Reduced ejection fraction

28
Q

Lying flat symptom is called what

A

Orthopnoea

29
Q

Bisoprolol leads to what shift on Bowditch curve

A

Decreased HR = Decreased contractility = right shift

30
Q

Ivabradine works on what

A

SAN

31
Q

Digoxin works on what

A

AVN

32
Q

Valsartan works on what

A

Angiotensin blocker

33
Q

Sacubitril is what type of inhibitor

A

Neprilysin

34
Q

Starting from the lumen, name the key structures in arteries

A

LEIMA

Lumen
Endothelium
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
35
Q

6 things causing relaxation of arteries

A

CO2 / K+ / H+ / ADP / AMP / Adenosine

36
Q

What happens to nitric oxide as we age

A

decreased production

37
Q

Fractional flow reserve definition

A

technique used to measure difference in aortic stenosis before and after

38
Q

Coronary flow reserve definition

A

Maximum increase in BF above normal resting volume

39
Q

Caucasians increase what in angina

A

Proximal single segment disease

40
Q

South asians increase what in angina

A

Multi segment disease

41
Q

Vasopastic/variant angina involves what

A

Artery spasms caused by stress triggers

42
Q

Microvascular vasopastic can arise from what

A

Metabolic syndrome

43
Q

how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves do we have

A

8

44
Q

how many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves do we have

A

12

45
Q

how many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves do we have

A

5

46
Q

how many pairs of sacral spinal nerves do we have

A

5

47
Q

How many pairs of cocygeal spinal nerves do we have

A

1

Body Systems (9 decks)

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