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Geography > Resources management - Food inc. optional element > Flashcards

Resources management - Food inc. optional element Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is there an increasing demand for food in the UK?

A

UK population growth
(Despite a productive farming industry, we important 40% of our food)

Demand for seasonal products all year round

Wider food tastes- growing demand for high value food imports such as avocados and spices

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2
Q

Why does the UK import food?

A

Demand for greater choice and more exotic foods

UK food production can be expensive

Cheaper food from abroad

UK climate is unsuitable for some food production

Demand for seasonal produce all year round

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3
Q

What are the advantages of large food miles?

A

Helps transform people’s standard of living in LICs

Greater variety of food

Farming in LICs doesn’t contribute to global warming as it is more labour intensive rather than relying on machinery

Growing food in the UK in greenhouses is very expensive and energy intensive

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of large food miles?

A

Carbon footprint (carbon emissions and climate change)

Food needs lots of chemicals like preservatives to stay fresh (bad for health)

Doesn’t support UK farmers

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5
Q

What is agribusiness?

A

Intensive farming aimed at maximising amount of UK food production

Farms are run as commercial business

High levels of investment and use modern tech and chemicals

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6
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Food grown without chemicals

Increasing demand for organic produce

Local and seasonal produce

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7
Q

What are some advantages of agribusiness?

A

Produces large amounts of food quickly and cheaply

Satisfies demand from UK population

Profitable (small amount of workers due to mostly machinery)

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8
Q

What are some advantages for organic farming?

A

Health benefits

Better for environment (no chemicals)

Encourages wildlife with more hedges and wild field margins (supports biodiversirty)

Better flavour

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9
Q

What are some disadvantages of agribusiness?

A

Chemicals get into the food supply and water supply

Hedgerows removed

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10
Q

What are some disadvantages of organic farming?

A

Can’t mass produce

Expensive

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11
Q

Definition of food security

A

Having access to enough safe, affordable, nutritious food to maintain a healthy, active life

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12
Q

Definition of food insecurity

A

Being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

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13
Q

Why is the global demand for food increasing?

A

Population growth

Economic development

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14
Q

Why is the global demand for food growing? 6 marker

A

The world’s population is predicted to grow from 6.1 billon in 2000 to 9.2 billion in 2050. This means that there are more mouths to feed. However, it will grow much faster in poor areas such as Africa where population is growing at 2.51% per year and slower in rich continents such as Europe where population is growing at 0.1%

There is a clear correlation between the areas with greatest population growth and the areas with the highest levels of undernourishment

As countries develop and become NEEs such as India and China people become rich and their diets change. They eat more meat and less rice.

The grain is fed to animals to produce the meat people eat rather than being eaten by people. The grain is fed to animals to produce the meat people eat rather than being eaten by people.

This means more resources are needed to feed the people of the country. People also eat more convenience food which increases calorie intake

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15
Q

How many hectares is the Lynford House Farm in East Anglia?

A

570 hectares

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16
Q

What foods does Lynford House Farm grow?

A

Wheat, sugar beet and potatoes

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17
Q

What are some features of of Lynford House Farm?

A

Flat fertile land which is intensively farmed to maximise productivity and profitability

Machinery costs are high but make the farm efficient as they only employ a small amount of workers

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18
Q

What does the Riverford Organic Farm in Devon do?

A

Delivers boxes of vegetables around the UK

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19
Q

What are some of the features of Riverford Organic Farm?

A

Reduce food miles

Supports local farmers

Provides local employment

Builds strong link between grower and consumer

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20
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Applying water to land in order to supply crops and other plants with necessary water

There are various types of irrigation that can be used such as drip irrigation (water dripped from holes in pipes directly onto the soil)

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21
Q

How can irrigation increase food supply?

A

Irrigation can increase crop yields when water supply is low or unreliable.

This is especially important in arid climates

The problem is that irrigation can cause further water stress in a region

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22
Q

What are aeroponics?

A

Growing plants are suspended in a mist environment without the use of soil

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23
Q

What are hydroponics?

A

A method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water, without the use of soil. Plant roots are dangled into the solution

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24
Q

How do aeroponics and hydroponics increase food supply?

A

These methods use less water than traditional soil-growing methods

Conditions can be optimized for plant growth

Plants can also be stacked on top of one another

The problem is that these methods are expensive and require expert knowledge

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25
Q

What is the new Green revolution?

A

A combination of modern technology and traditional farming to boost food production is poorer countries

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26
Q

How does the new Green Revolution increase food supply?

A

It aims to improve crop yields in LICs in a more sustainable way by educating people about

  • Drought-resistant plants
  • Pest-resistant plants
  • Pest and disease control
  • Appropriate farming methods
  • Crop rotation
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27
Q

What is Biotechnology?

A

Genetically modified crops have been manipulated for a variety of benefits including:

  • Improved nutritional value of crops (eg rice with added vitamins )
  • Improved shelf life
  • Improved resistance to drought, pests and diseases
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28
Q

How does Biotechnology increase food supply?

A

Genetic engineering is used to improve food supply

May not lead to an increase in food supply

There are also ethical and environmental concerns

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29
Q

What is appropriate technology?

A

Technology that is simple and cheap for the communities in which they will be used

It is a low-tech solution suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of the people

Eg: Human-powered pumps (easy to maintain) and a simple drop irrigation system made from local materials

30
Q

How does appropriate technology increase food supply?

A

This strategy is aimed for poorer communities. It is one that they can use for generations to come

31
Q

What is an example of large-scale agricultural development?

A

Almeria, Spain

32
Q

Why is it hard to grow crops in Almeria?

A

It is hot and dry

Difficult to grow plants with water

33
Q

How many hectares of greenhouse does Almeria have?

A

40,000

34
Q

What is a social advantage of Almeria?

A

Plants can be grown outside of their normal growing season, increasing the variety of diet for people throughout the year

35
Q

What are two social disadvantages of Almeria?

A

The greenhouses often use pesticides to protect the crops from pests.

These increase health risks for people working there and have been proven to cause some cancers

Some of the immigrants are from North Africa and work illegally in Spain, this raises tensions in the region

36
Q

What are two economic advantages of Almeria?

A

The scheme brings in over $1.5 billion per year in income

Many agribusinesses have located in the area providing high quality R&D jobs. Especially in the Almeria Agribusiness cluster

37
Q

What are two environmental disadvantages of Almeria?

A

The plastic used has badly damaged local ecosystems and the environment

Waste plastic is often burnt and this is toxic and hazardous to human health

Local riverbeds have been blocked up and so there are fears that these could break and cause catastrophic flooding during intense rainstorms in this part of Spain

38
Q

What are two environmental advantages of Almeria?

A

Hydroponics mean that the plants only get the nutrients they need via the drip hoses, there is less waste

Strict EU rules on quality have helped cut chemical use and raise the standards of production

39
Q

What is the meaning of sustainable food supply

A

Food that is produced in ways that does not damage the environment and provides social benefits such as good quality food and safe and healthy products

It should also contribute to local economies

40
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Production of food without the use of chemicals such as pesticides and artificial fertilisers

41
Q

What are the benefits for the environment? (organic farming)

A

Food is produced in harmony with the environment and reduces the harmful effects of chemicals

Protects biodiversity

42
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (organic farming)

A

Organic food brings health benefits

Organic farmers tend to sell their produce close by, reducing food miles

43
Q

What are the disadvantages? (organic farming)

A

Labour intensive

Lower yield compared to intensive farming

Makes organic produce more expensive

44
Q

What is permaculture?

A

Similar to organic farming

Promotes farming in harmony with the natural environment

Rainwater harvesting, crop rotation, mixed cropping

45
Q

What are the benefits for the environment? (permaculture)

A

Soil remains healthy

46
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (permaculture)

A

Mixed cropping provides a varied diet

47
Q

What are the disadvantages? (permaculture)

A

Not really adopted in LICs and NEEs yet

48
Q

What are urban farming initiatives?

A

Conversion of water or derelict land into productive farmland or vegetable gardens. This can also happen on rooftops

49
Q

What is the Michigan Urban Farming Initiative?

A

Urban communities are encouraged to work together to turn wasteland into productive farmland

-Provides jobs and easier access to healthy food

Over 150 raised garden beds have been created on waste ground for use by local communities

50
Q

What are the benefits for the environment? (UFI)

A

Improves green space in the city

Improves biodiversity

51
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (UFI)

A

Promotes healthier diets and lifestyle in urban areas

Often community initiatives which promote social cohesion

52
Q

What are the disadvantages? (UFI)

A

Land is often in demand and there is pressure to develop this land for other more profitable uses

53
Q

What are the environmental benefits of obtaining fish and meat from sustainable sources?

A

Sustainable fishing using lines and poles rather than nets conserves fishing stocks

Sustainable livestock rearing commonly involves pasture fed free range animals with minimal use of chemicals/vaccinations

54
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (fish and meat)

A

Benefits the environment and higher standards of animal welfare

Good feeling-ethical consumerism

55
Q

What are the disadvantages? (fish and meat)

A

Lower productivity so the sustainably sourced products tend to be more expensive in order for them to be more profitable

56
Q

What is seasonal food consumption?

A

Only buy food when it is in season

eg strawberries in June/July only

57
Q

What are the environmental benefits (seasonal food consumption)

A

Reduces food miles and therefore carbon emissions

58
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (seasonal food consumption)

A

Fresh produce more available at local farmers markets-health benefits

59
Q

What are the disadvantages? (seasonal food consumption)

A

Only eating seasonal foods may be limiting and our diets will be less varied

60
Q

What are the benefits for the environment (reduced waste and losses)?

A

Composting of food waste which can be used as a natural fertilisers

Less food waste going to landfill

Rotting food produced methane which is a greenhouse gas

61
Q

What are the benefits for the people? (reduced waste and losses)

A

Food waste can generate methane which be used to generate energy

Using up food helps families save money

Food preservations makes food last longer which is more convenient

62
Q

What are the disadvantages? (reduced waste and losses)

A

Still considerable wastage of food

63
Q

What is an example of sustainable farming in a LIC or NEE?

A

Jamalpur, Bangladesh

64
Q

Where is Jamalpur?

A

A very poor area in the north of the capital city Dhaka and is a very agricultural area

65
Q

What is rice fish farming?

A

It is when small, indigenous fish that can live in flooded paddy fields are introduced to flooded paddy fields whilst the rice is growing

66
Q

How is rice fish farming good for the fish

A

They are safely hidden away from birds

The fish can thrive in the dense rice plants

67
Q

How is rice fish farming good for the rice

A

Fish dropping act as a source of fertiliser

Fish eat insect pests

They help keep oxygen circulating around the fish field

Can increase rice yields by up to 10%

68
Q

How is rice fish farming good for the farmers?

A

A diet of fish is an excellent source of protein and so improves people’s health

Extra rice yields not only put meals on tables but also enable families to sell surplus food at market

69
Q

Why is the rice farming scheme in Bangladesh good overall?

A

It is sustainable

Involves using local people and expertise

Improves diet

Relatively easy to establish

Good example of appropriate technology

70
Q

What factors affect global food supply?

A

Climate

Technology

Pests and diseases

Water Stress

Conflict

Poverty

Geography (16 decks)

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