Resistance, Immunity & Vaccines Flashcards
What is natural, active immunity?
Real-life exposure to pathogen.
Most long lasting
What is natural, passive immunity?
Mother to child through blood or milk. IgG through blood or IgA through milk
What is artificial, active immunity?
Vaccines, toxoids or other preparations. Live attenuated viruses are the best
What is artifical passive immunity?
Immune serum or purified antibodies.
*Never give IgG intravenously because they tend to aggregate and activate compliment
How do we immunize against tetanus?
Use of Toxoid
Can you vaccinate a person who has been bitten by a rabid dog after the incident?
Yes because it is has a long infection period
How is the pertussis vaccine prepared?
Acellular prep.
What are conjugate vaccines?
They are vaccines that take bacterial carbohydrates and conjugate them with protein carriers.
Tfh respond to the proteins and activate class switching of B cell antibodies
What patient group are conjugate vaccines highly effective in?
babies
______ response prevents virus infections and _______ response helps once you have been infected by the virus.
Humoral (B cell)
T cell response
What could be the potential benefits of DNA vaccines?
Faster response
DNA is more stable then proteins
What are titers
Reciprocal of the maximal dilution of a patient;s serum that is still positive in some defined test.
What was the problem with the rotovirus in the 1990’s?
Cause severe diarrhea and killed 500,000 children annually
What are adjuvants?
They are substances added to vaccines to make them more immunogenic. Work by causing an innate immune response
EX. Alum a hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate mimics PAMPs
What is Herd effect?
The decrease in infection rate in the non-immune part of the herd, as a consequence of herd immunity
