Disorders of Granulocytes/Monocytes Number Flashcards
Name three common etiologies of decreased production of granulocytes.
- Chemotherapy
- Viral infection (most common)
- Nutritional deficiency
What is Kostmann Syndrome?
Severe peripheral neutropenia. High risk of death before 2 years
What is Schwannmen-Diamond Syndrome?
Autosomal recessive
Pancreatic insufficinecy with fat malabsorption
Apoptosis of precursor cells
What is cyclic neutropenia?
Severe peripheral neutropenia for 5-7 days with specific periodicity.
Recurrent fevers and mouth ulcers
Autosomal recessive/ Autosomal dominant
Linked to apoptosis in marrow of precursors and mutations int he gene for elastase
What is chronic benign neutropenia of childhood
Results from production of antibodies that cross-react with neutrophils
Age 8-11 months
No increase risk of severe infections
Autoimmune neutropenia is commonly seen with what onther autoimmune disorder?
Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis
When does alloimmune neutropenia occur?
When the mother because sensitized to antigens for the fetus. IgG from the other crosses the placenta and attacks the fetus’ neutrophils causing neurtopenia
Through what mechanism can drugs cause neutropenia?
Antibody mediated
Splenomegaly and hypersplenism can cause neutropenia due to what?
Increased neutrophil sequestering
What causes pseudoneutropenia?
Severe infection and activation of complement»_space;>excessive demargination of neutrophils
What are the most common pathogens to infect people with neutropenia?
Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria
What are the most common sites and types of infection in neutropenia patients?
Septicemia Cellulitis Skin abscess pneumonia perirectal abscess
Name some treatments for neutopenia.
Broad spectrum antibiotics
G-CSF
If autoimmune: IVIG
How would you define neutrophilia?
ANC >7,500calls/microl
What are some causes of neutrophilia?
Increased production
Increased release from storage pool
Egress from circulation
Reduced Margination
