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Blood and Lymph > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define Hematopoiesis

A

Predominantly occurs in the marrow leading to the formation of RBC, WBC, platelets, and other cells.

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2
Q

Where are the sites of hematopoiesis in the following situations:

  • Prenatal
  • Fetal
  • Postnatal
A
  • Prenatal: Yolk Sac. Done by 3 months
  • Fetal: Liver/Spleen Month 2-7
  • Postnatal: Bone marrow (becomes more and more localized to axial skeleton
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3
Q

Define: Extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Hematopoiesis outside bone marrow area after birth

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4
Q

Define: Differentiation/maturation

A

progress of cell lineage from less mature types (blasts) to more mature (segs)

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5
Q

Define: Self-renewal

A

Production of daughter cells that are completely unchanged they cease to proliferate but can later

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6
Q

What does myeloid refer to?

A

non-erythroid, and non-lymphoid cells

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7
Q

What does lymphoid mean?

A

Refers to T cells, b cells and NK cells

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8
Q

List the order of cells from least mature to more mature.

A
  1. Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
  2. Pluripontent Stem Cells (Colony forming unit (CFU))
  3. Progenitor Cells
  4. Precursor Cells
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9
Q

What cells do multipotential hematopoietic stem cells produce?

A

Gives rise to all lymphoid and myeloid elements

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10
Q

What cell line is unable to self-renew, but can still divide?

A

Precursor cells

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11
Q

Name the following hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) for the following:

  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Platelets
  3. Granulocytes
  4. Monocytes
  5. Eosinophils
  6. Basophils
A
  1. Erythropoietin (Epo)
  2. Thrombopoietin
  3. Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) or Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
  4. Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) or Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF)
  5. Interleukin -5 (IL-5)
  6. Interleukin-3 (IL-3)
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12
Q

Name and describe each step of erythrocyte maturation.

A
  1. Pronormoblast-Larege nucleus with one-two nuclei, lots of RNA so stains intensely blue
  2. Basophillic Normoblast- Lighter colored perinuclear halo course condensation of nucleus
  3. Polychromatophilic normoblast- Purplish blue due to hemoglobin nucleus smaller course
  4. Orthochromic Normoblast- Red-orange pyknoctic nucleus
  5. Reiculocyte: Anucleated, ribosomes and mitochondria polychromatophilic: bluish purple
  6. Erythrocyte: RNA degraded; orange-red color
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13
Q

Name and describe each step of granulocyte maturation

A
  1. Myeloblast: High nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio. One or more nucleoli blue with lots of RNA and no cytoplasmic granules
  2. Promyelocyte: Nucleoli present course chromatin. Purple granules in blue cytoplasm
  3. Myelocyte. Appearance of 2nd lavender granules. Nucleoli less conspicuous CAN DIVIDE!!!
  4. Metamyelocyte: Primary granules are gone. Pinkish/purple hue. Nucleus indented
  5. Band: Horseshoe shaped nucleus
  6. Segmented Neutrophil: 2-5 segmented lobes of nucleus connected by thin chromatin strand
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14
Q

Name and describe each step of eosinophil maturation

A

A mature eosinophil has red/orange cytoplasm and a nucleus that contains condensed chromatin. The nucleus is also segmented into two round ovals

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15
Q

Name and describe each step of basophil maturation

A

Mature basophils are lobular but the nuclues is nonsegmented. The cytoplasm contain blue/purple granules.

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16
Q

Name and describe each step of megakaryocyte maturation

A
  1. Megakaryobasts- Large nucleus with nucleoli basophilic cytoplasm
  2. Promegakaryocyte- Endoreplication. Nucleus is lobulated and chromatin condensed. Intense blue color
  3. Megakaryocyte- lobulated, endoreplicated nucleus. Cytoplasm contains fine granules and is purple
  4. Platelet- Anucleated fragments of megakaryocytes. Purplish
17
Q

Name and describe each step of monocyte/marcrophage maturation.

A
  1. Monoblast: Nucleus slightly indented; fine chromatin and nucleoli. Cytoplasm bule with no granules
  2. Promonocyte: chromatin more condensed; one or more nucleoli. Red/purplish granules in cytoplasm
  3. Monocyte: Largest cell in periphery. Nucleoli absent. Cytoplasm blue ground glass appearance red/purple granules
18
Q

Describe the cellularity of bone marrow

A

50% cellularity normal

Cellularity decreases with age

19
Q

What is a normal Myeloid:Erythroid ratio in the marrow?

20
Q

What would be a normal appearance of bone marrow: heterogenous or homogenous?

A

Heterogenous. Homogenous can be indicative of acute leukemia

Blood and Lymph (22 decks)

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