Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System

Question 1

Monocytes are the immature derivative of what cells?

Answer 1

Marcrophages and dendritic cells

Question 2

What two types of cells are considered mononuclear cells?

Answer 2

1. Mononuclear Cells (immature)- Monophages and Dendritic 2. Lymphocytes

Question 3

What are three types of polymorphonuclear cells?

Answer 3

1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neutrophils

Question 4

What are the two divisions of lymphoid organization?

Answer 4

1. Central- Bone marrow and Thymus -This is where the lymphocytes develope 2. Peripheral- Mature cells are organized to trap and respond to foreign invaders that usually arrive from body surface via lymphatics

Question 5

Give three examples of peripheral lymphoid section

Answer 5

1. Lymph node 2. Spleen 3. Peyer’s Patch 4. Mesenteric lymph nodes of Gut 5. Tonsils 6. Adenoids

Question 6

What is contained in the cortex?

Answer 6

The cortex is full of tightly packed (highly motile) lymphocytes arranged in follicles. Mostly B cells

Question 7

What part of the lymph node contains the germinal centers?

Answer 7

Cortex

Question 8

Define: Germinal centers

Answer 8

Crowded areas with many dividing cells

Question 9

What does the deep (para) cortex contain?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes Mostly the T cells

Question 10

How do dendritic cells enter the lymph node?

Answer 10

through the afferent lymph

Question 11

Please describe lymphocytic recirculation.

Answer 11

Lymphocyes in lymph node > goes into the the efferent lymph > goes to thoracic duct > venous blood > afferent blood vessel into the lymph node

Question 12

What is found in the red pulp or the the spleen?

White pulp?

Answer 12

Corresponse to medulla in the lymph node. Phagocytic cell, capable of making red cells, monocytes

Island of cells

Question 13

Where is the largest collection of secondary lymphoid tissue found in the body?

Answer 13

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Question 14

What is a Peyer’s Patch?

Answer 14

They underlie the mucosa in the small intestine. The structure of the Peyer’s patch includes specialized mucosal M cells which are gatekeepers, ingesting proteins and particles as big as a virus and transporting them to the abluminal side which houses dendritic cells that acquire the anitgens and take them to the B and T cells.

Question 15

What is the difference between antigen, immunogen, and tolerogen

Answer 15

Antigen- A stubstance can be recognized by the immune system

Immunogen- An antigen that can give rise to an immune response

Tolerogen- An antigen delivered in a form or by a route, which does not give rise to an immune response and prevents an immune response to subsequently administered immunogen which has the same antigenic determinants

Question 16

What is a T lymphocyte once it has matured?

What is a B lymphocyte once it has matured?

Answer 16

T lymphoblast

B Lymphoblasts > Plasma Cell