Resiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Inspiration at rest

A

Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Ext. intercostals contact , pull ribs up and out
Thoracic cavity increases
Pressure of lung tissue decreases

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2
Q

Expiration at rest

A
Diaphragm relaxes, returning to normal shape
External intercostal relax
Ribs in and down
Volume of TC decreases
Pressure in LT increases
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3
Q

Inspiration, exercise

A

Pectoralis minor and stemocleidomastoid
Ribs up and out
Volume of TC increase more
Pressure in LT decreases more

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4
Q

Expiration during exercise

A
Internal intercostal contract
Rectus abdominals contract
Ribs in and down
TC decreases
LT increases
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5
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air breathed in/out per breath
Resting value: 500ml- T/UT
Max exercise value- T- 3500ml/ UT- 2500ml

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6
Q

Frequency

A

Amount of breaths
Resting value: 11-12 bpm T / 12-15bpm UT

Max exercise value- 50-60bpm- T / 40-50bpm UT

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7
Q

Minute ventilation (VE)

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per min
Resting val- 5500-6000ml-T / 6000-7500ml-UT
Max exercise val- 175000-210000ml T/ 100000-125000ml UT

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8
Q

Oxygen transport

A

97% carried as haemolgobin in rbc

3% carried in blood plasma

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9
Q

Co2 transport

A

70% dissolved in water as carbonic acid
23% carried within hb
7% dissolved in blood plasma

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10
Q

RCC- control of breathing

A

Controls pulmonary respiration and is located in medulla oblongata and responds alongside Ccc/Vcc

Inspiratory and expiratory centre
Stimulation of respiratory muscles and rest/exercise
Revive sensory info
Send direction through motor nerves to change rate of respiratory muscle contraction

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11
Q

Inspiratory centre at rest

A

Rcc- medulla oblongela

Intercostals nerves (ext. intercostals) and phrenic nerve ( diaphragm)

External pulls ribs and sternum up and out
Diaphragm flatterns- volume increases and pressure decreases
Air drawn in

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12
Q

Expiratory centre

A

Controls breathing rate
Baro receptors- stretch receptors located in lungs send info to expiratory centre.
Lungs stretched receptors inform EE to contract

this triggers

Hering Breur- stood you breathing stimulation in anymore
Safety mechanism for lungs to stop over stretch

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13
Q

Inspiratory centre during exercise

A

All receptors send info to IC
Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors

Intercostal nerves
Phrenic nerve
Sternocleidomastoid

This causes:
Increase in TC
pressure decreases even more forcing air in even quicker
Exercise intensity increases, combination of IC and EC increase breathing rate and depth to maximise efficient respiration

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules travel from a high concentration to a low concentration

Across membrane down gradient

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15
Q

Diffusion gradient

A

Difference between the concentration between 1 side of membrane to the other

Bigger difference= quicker diffusion

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16
Q

Partial pressure

A

Pressure exerted by a gas within a mixture of gases

17
Q

External respiration

A

Gaseous exchange between alveoli and capillaries

O2 from alveoli to cb
Co2 from hpp in capillaries to lpp in alveoli

O2= hb associates with o2
Blood fully saturated with o2
Hpp to lpp in a to cb

Co2= pressure in blood higher than Pressure Co2 in alveoli

18
Q

External respiration

A

Gaseous exchange between capillaries and muscle tissue walls

O2 from cb to mc 
Co2 from mc to cb 
And 
O2= dissociates with o2
O2 from hpp in cb to lpp in mc

Co2= p co2 in tissue higher than p in co2 in blood so diffusion into capillary blood

19
Q

Haemolgobin

A

Iron rich globular protein in red blood cells which can chemically combine with o2 to form oxyhaemolgobin