Resiratory System Flashcards
Inspiration at rest
Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Ext. intercostals contact , pull ribs up and out
Thoracic cavity increases
Pressure of lung tissue decreases
Expiration at rest
Diaphragm relaxes, returning to normal shape External intercostal relax Ribs in and down Volume of TC decreases Pressure in LT increases
Inspiration, exercise
Pectoralis minor and stemocleidomastoid
Ribs up and out
Volume of TC increase more
Pressure in LT decreases more
Expiration during exercise
Internal intercostal contract Rectus abdominals contract Ribs in and down TC decreases LT increases
Tidal volume
Volume of air breathed in/out per breath
Resting value: 500ml- T/UT
Max exercise value- T- 3500ml/ UT- 2500ml
Frequency
Amount of breaths
Resting value: 11-12 bpm T / 12-15bpm UT
Max exercise value- 50-60bpm- T / 40-50bpm UT
Minute ventilation (VE)
Volume of air breathed in or out per min
Resting val- 5500-6000ml-T / 6000-7500ml-UT
Max exercise val- 175000-210000ml T/ 100000-125000ml UT
Oxygen transport
97% carried as haemolgobin in rbc
3% carried in blood plasma
Co2 transport
70% dissolved in water as carbonic acid
23% carried within hb
7% dissolved in blood plasma
RCC- control of breathing
Controls pulmonary respiration and is located in medulla oblongata and responds alongside Ccc/Vcc
Inspiratory and expiratory centre
Stimulation of respiratory muscles and rest/exercise
Revive sensory info
Send direction through motor nerves to change rate of respiratory muscle contraction
Inspiratory centre at rest
Rcc- medulla oblongela
Intercostals nerves (ext. intercostals) and phrenic nerve ( diaphragm)
External pulls ribs and sternum up and out
Diaphragm flatterns- volume increases and pressure decreases
Air drawn in
Expiratory centre
Controls breathing rate
Baro receptors- stretch receptors located in lungs send info to expiratory centre.
Lungs stretched receptors inform EE to contract
this triggers
Hering Breur- stood you breathing stimulation in anymore
Safety mechanism for lungs to stop over stretch
Inspiratory centre during exercise
All receptors send info to IC
Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Intercostal nerves
Phrenic nerve
Sternocleidomastoid
This causes:
Increase in TC
pressure decreases even more forcing air in even quicker
Exercise intensity increases, combination of IC and EC increase breathing rate and depth to maximise efficient respiration
Diffusion
Molecules travel from a high concentration to a low concentration
Across membrane down gradient
Diffusion gradient
Difference between the concentration between 1 side of membrane to the other
Bigger difference= quicker diffusion