Muscular System

Question 1

Muscles and skeleton working together

Answer 1

Muscles attach to tendons and ligaments
Ligaments attach to bones
When muscle shortens,pulls corresponding bone at insertion point
Contraction shortens distance between articulating bones
Opposing muscle to contracted one extends moving bone back to original position

Question 2

Ankle joint muscles

Answer 2

Tibialus anterior - Doris flexion

Gastrocnemius - plantar flexion

Question 3

Knee joint muscles

Answer 3

Quadriceps - extension
Eg) vastus laterals/ medias
Hamstrings - flexion
E.g.) semi- tendinosus

Question 4

Hip joint muscles

Answer 4

Iliopsoas- flexion
Gluteus maximum- extension

Adductors- adduction
E.g.) Magnus

Gluteus muscles - abduction
Eg) minimus

Question 5

Shoulder joint muscles

Answer 5

Trapezius - horizontal extension

Pectoral major- horizontal flexion

Teres major - medial rotation
Subscapularis - medial rotation

Infraspinatus - lateral rotation
Teres minor - lateral rotation

Posterior deltoid- extension
Anterior deltoid- flexion

Middle deltoid- flexion/ extension
Latissimus dorsi- extension

Question 6

Elbow muscle joints

Answer 6

Bicep brachii- flexion

Tricep brachii - extension

Question 7

Wrist muscle joint

Answer 7

Lateral epicondyle- extension

Medial epicondyle - flexion

Question 8

Core stability muscles

Answer 8

Transverse abdominals

Multifidus

Question 9

Concentric contraction

Answer 9

Muscle shortens
Isotonic
Pulls 2 bones together cashing joint movement

Eg) bicep brachii pulls radius and ulna to humerus causing flexion at elbow

Question 10

Eccentric

Answer 10

Muscle lengthens
Isotonic
Resists forces such as gravity to control joint movements
Bb pulls humerus to radius and ulna causing extension

Question 11

Isometric

Answer 11

Muscle remains same length
Tension but no movement
Bicep brachii isometrically contracts to hold weight still

Question 12

Motor unit

Answer 12

Motor neuron and muscle fibres stimulated by axon

Question 13

Motor neuron

Answer 13

Nerve cell that conducts nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

Question 14

Axon

Answer 14

Long projection coming from a neuron which carries electrical impulses away from cell body

Question 15

Neurotransmitter

Answer 15

Chemical produced
Secreted by neuron
Transmits nerve impulses across synaptic cleft to muscle fibre

Question 16

Motor end plate

Answer 16

Terminal found at end of axon

Helps contract with muscle fibre over synaptic cleft

Question 17

All or none law

Answer 17

Full contraction or none at all

Question 18

Action potential

Answer 18

Positive electrical charge
Conducts nerve impulse down neuron and muscle fibre
Only happens if enough neurotransmitter secreted

Question 19

Synaptic cleft

Answer 19

Gap between motor end plates and muscle fibres

Question 20

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 20

Place where motor end plate meets muscle fibre

Question 21

FG muscle fibres

Answer 21

Big quick burst of energy
Anaerobic 100m
High levels of phosonocreatine, helps with anaerobic work- run at faster rate
Fast contraction and strong contraction

Question 22

SO muscle fibres

Answer 22

Little force
Work for longer before fatigue
Long distance
High mitochondria density - aerobic respiration
High myoglobin content - o2 carried to muscles at faster rate

Question 23

FOG muscle fibres

Answer 23

Anaerobic and aerobic
1500m
Moderate levels of myoglobin and mitochondria
High phosphocreatine- helps with anaerobic work, keep amount of energy for longer