Reserach Methods Flashcards
Define research methods
A scientific method that is a controlled approach to planning, conduction and reporting research
What are the seven steps of psychological research?
HINT: I Have Made Cake And I Rock
I- identify the Aim H- create a Hypothesis M- design a Method C- Collect the data A- Analyse the data I- Interpret the data R- Report findings
What are the two main types of variables?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Which variable is the one you change?
Independent
Which variable is the one you measure?
Dependent
Name and define the three types of extraneous variables
Situational variables: the conditions the experiment is in
Participational variables: individuals differences in personal characteristics
Experimenter variables: experimenter characteristics and how they treat the participants
What are the three different type of sampling?
Random sampling
Convenience sampling
Stratified sampling
How is convience sampling done?
Through obtaining samples by recruiting participants who are readily available
How is random sampling done?
A procedure ensuring that every member of the population has equal chance
How is stratified sampling done?
Splitting the population into strata then randomly picking out of them
Standing in front of a shopping centre and asking people to do a survey.
What types of sampling is this?
Convenience sampling
Picking names out of a hat, to do an experiment
What type of sampling is this?
Random sampling
Putting participants into age groups, and picking randomly
What type of sampling is this?
Stratified sampling
State the 6 ethical guidelines
Colourful Vases In Winter Don't Droop
Confidentiality
Voluntary participation
Informed consent
Withdrawal rights
Deception in research
Debriefing
What are the two different types of data?
Subjective vs objective
Qualitative vs quantitative
State the difference between qualitative and quantitative data
Qualitative is the quality of behaviour or characteristics of what being studied often expressed in words, while quantitative is numerical and can be statically analysed
How is subjective data collected?
Subjective data is collected through observations of behaviour, or information is based on participants self-reports.
How is objective data collected?
Like in our class investigation
It is collected under controlled conditions and is easily measured and compared. Often in numerical form
Participants description of a movie they had all just seen. Every participants will have a unique description of the movie they had all seen.
What type of data is this? Q
Qualitative
Participants state their foot size, their sizes are then averaged
What type of data is this? Q
Quantitative
Data created from observing children’s behaviour in the playground and interpretations of their behaviour
Subjective
Scores on an intelligence test
Objective
What are the two different groups participants are put in for the experiment?
Experimental group
Control group
Why are there two different groups used?
Two different groups are used to see the differences made by the independent variable.
What is the experimental group?
It is the group exposed to the independent variable.
What is the control group?
The control group is the one not exposed to the independent variable
Why does there need to be a control group used?
The control group is used to provide a standard for the experimental group to compare to , to see if any change has happened to the participants
How are the participants allocated into groups?
Through random allocation, they are not told which group they are in until the end, which then they are debriefed.
What are descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics are used to summariser, organise and describe data obtained from research.
This includes graphs, diagrams, tables and mathematical calculations.
What are inferential statistics?
Techniques that allow us to make a conclusion and generalise the findings about the behaviour of small groups of participants to the larger groups they represent.
