Biological Influences Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal
What area of the brain is the frontal lobe located in?
Front
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
*Top of the brain ⬆️
It carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision making and planning.
Our personality is formed here.
What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged?
*anger, impulsive, language
🏊
A persons emotions, impulses, language and memory can be damaged.
What area of the brain is the parental lobe located in?
Upper mid section
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
🖐🏻
Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body and tells the body which way is up.
What happens if you damage your parietal lobes?
Inability to locate parts of your body
What are the functions of the Somatosensory lobe?
👁
It receives and processes visual information. It helps us perceive shape and colour.
Where is the somatosensory lobe located?
The back of the brain
What happens if the somatosensory lobe is damaged?
Defects in the visual field and distorted perception of size, colour and shape
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
👂🏻👅
Recognises and processes sound, understanding and producing speech and various aspects of memory.
Where is the temporal lobe located?
Lower mid section
What happens if you damage the temporal lobes?
Loss of hearing, problems with language and sensory problems
What are the functions of the forebrain?
It is for complex thoughts.
What is the function of the right hemisphere of the forebrain?
Creativity,artistic, musical, intuitive and perceptual
What is the functions of the left hemisphere of the forebrain?
Academic, cognitive, language and learning.
What is the forebrain also called?
Cerebrum
Where is the forebrain located?
In the front of the brain
What are the main functions of the midbrain?
Main centres for hearing and vision.
Temperature regulation, motor control, sleep cycle regulation
What are the two important structures that are part of the midbrain?
👁 👀
Tectum: controls visual system
Tegmentum: controls the movement of the eye from one direction to the other
Where is the midbrain located?
In the middle of the brain
What four parts are the hind brain made out of?
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
It helps with balance and complex muscle movements like cycling, walking and running.
What does the brain stem do?
Holds the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain together.
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?
It controls the autonomic functions such as heart beat, breathing, blinking etc….
What is the function of the pons?
It contains cell round that transfer messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum.
Where is Broca’s area?
In the frontal lobe near the middle of the brain
What are the functions of Broca’s?
Spoke and written language, comprehension
What is happens when someone suffers from Broca’s aphasia?
Their speech is not fluent and they lack grammar
Where is Wernicke’s area located?
In the temporal lobe in the middle of brain
What are the functions of Wernicke’s area?
Language comprehension and understanding
What happens if you suffer from Wernicke’s aphasia?
Incoherent sentences (sentences that don’t make sense) and the using wrong words in the wrong context
What are the two parts the nervous system is made of?
The Central nervous system (CNS)
The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What is the CNS made out of?
The brain and the spinal cord
What is the PNS made out of?
All the sensory receptors and nerves
What does the CNS do?
It is the control centre for receiving messages to and from other parts of the body.
It tell the body what to do
What does the PNS do?
It informs the CNS and transmits decisions from the CNS
Name the three different types of neurons
Sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron
What are the functions of the sensory neuron?
It receives and converts stimuli (heat, light etc…) into an electrical impulse and sends it to the brain.
What are the functions of the motor neuron?
Motor neuron receives information from the brain to the effector organs
What are the functions of the interneuron?
The interneuron receives information from the sensory neuron and sends it to the CNS and then receives again from the CNS and sends it to the motor neuron.
What’s the difference between motor and sensory neuron structures?
Motor neurons have their cell body at the top of the neuron with dendrites
Sensory neuron has their cell body in the middle of the neuron with no dendrites.
Name the 6 main sections of a neuron
Nucleus, cell body, dendrites, axon knobs, axon, myelin sheath
What are synapses?
They are the area between the neurons that concert electrical impulses into chemicals called neurotransmitters
What are two advantages of having a myelin sheath?
- speeds up the transmission
- insulates and protects the neuron
Identify what transmits messages through the nervous system?
The message are passed through the system by neurons (nerve cells)
Define neuron
Neurons are specialised cells which transmit and receive messages in the form of electrical impulses.
State the type of energy conversion carried out by receptors in the retina of your eye.
Light to electrical
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
Carrie messages across the synapses
Throughout the nervous system there are small gaps, called______, between neurons.
Synapses
How does a synapse work?
When the impulse reaches a synapse, the message is carried across the gap by neurotransmitters and then the neurotransmitter brakes down.
What is a reflex action?
An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
Create an example of when the midbrain is used
For example, if your hand touches something hot, the midbrain tells the brain that the hand needs to be pulled away from the danger; this is because the midbrain is part of the nervous system.
What is the corpus callosum?
It is a band of neural fibres that connect the left and right hemispheres together
