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Psychology > Biological Influences > Flashcards

Biological Influences Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal

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2
Q

What area of the brain is the frontal lobe located in?

A

Front

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3
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

*Top of the brain ⬆️

A

It carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision making and planning.

Our personality is formed here.

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4
Q

What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged?
*anger, impulsive, language
🏊

A

A persons emotions, impulses, language and memory can be damaged.

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5
Q

What area of the brain is the parental lobe located in?

A

Upper mid section

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6
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

🖐🏻

A

Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body and tells the body which way is up.

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7
Q

What happens if you damage your parietal lobes?

A

Inability to locate parts of your body

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8
Q

What are the functions of the Somatosensory lobe?

👁

A

It receives and processes visual information. It helps us perceive shape and colour.

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9
Q

Where is the somatosensory lobe located?

A

The back of the brain

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10
Q

What happens if the somatosensory lobe is damaged?

A

Defects in the visual field and distorted perception of size, colour and shape

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11
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

👂🏻👅

A

Recognises and processes sound, understanding and producing speech and various aspects of memory.

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12
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

Lower mid section

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13
Q

What happens if you damage the temporal lobes?

A

Loss of hearing, problems with language and sensory problems

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14
Q

What are the functions of the forebrain?

A

It is for complex thoughts.

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15
Q

What is the function of the right hemisphere of the forebrain?

A

Creativity,artistic, musical, intuitive and perceptual

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16
Q

What is the functions of the left hemisphere of the forebrain?

A

Academic, cognitive, language and learning.

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17
Q

What is the forebrain also called?

A

Cerebrum

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18
Q

Where is the forebrain located?

A

In the front of the brain

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19
Q

What are the main functions of the midbrain?

A

Main centres for hearing and vision.

Temperature regulation, motor control, sleep cycle regulation

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20
Q

What are the two important structures that are part of the midbrain?

👁 👀

A

Tectum: controls visual system

Tegmentum: controls the movement of the eye from one direction to the other

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21
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

In the middle of the brain

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22
Q

What four parts are the hind brain made out of?

A

Cerebellum

Brain stem

Pons

Medulla oblongata

23
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

It helps with balance and complex muscle movements like cycling, walking and running.

24
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Holds the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain together.

25
Q

What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

A

It controls the autonomic functions such as heart beat, breathing, blinking etc….

26
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

It contains cell round that transfer messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

27
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

In the frontal lobe near the middle of the brain

28
Q

What are the functions of Broca’s?

A

Spoke and written language, comprehension

29
Q

What is happens when someone suffers from Broca’s aphasia?

A

Their speech is not fluent and they lack grammar

30
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

In the temporal lobe in the middle of brain

31
Q

What are the functions of Wernicke’s area?

A

Language comprehension and understanding

32
Q

What happens if you suffer from Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Incoherent sentences (sentences that don’t make sense) and the using wrong words in the wrong context

33
Q

What are the two parts the nervous system is made of?

A

The Central nervous system (CNS)

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

34
Q

What is the CNS made out of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

35
Q

What is the PNS made out of?

A

All the sensory receptors and nerves

36
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

It is the control centre for receiving messages to and from other parts of the body.

It tell the body what to do

37
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

It informs the CNS and transmits decisions from the CNS

38
Q

Name the three different types of neurons

A

Sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron

39
Q

What are the functions of the sensory neuron?

A

It receives and converts stimuli (heat, light etc…) into an electrical impulse and sends it to the brain.

40
Q

What are the functions of the motor neuron?

A

Motor neuron receives information from the brain to the effector organs

41
Q

What are the functions of the interneuron?

A

The interneuron receives information from the sensory neuron and sends it to the CNS and then receives again from the CNS and sends it to the motor neuron.

42
Q

What’s the difference between motor and sensory neuron structures?

A

Motor neurons have their cell body at the top of the neuron with dendrites

Sensory neuron has their cell body in the middle of the neuron with no dendrites.

43
Q

Name the 6 main sections of a neuron

A

Nucleus, cell body, dendrites, axon knobs, axon, myelin sheath

44
Q

What are synapses?

A

They are the area between the neurons that concert electrical impulses into chemicals called neurotransmitters

45
Q

What are two advantages of having a myelin sheath?

A
  • speeds up the transmission

- insulates and protects the neuron

46
Q

Identify what transmits messages through the nervous system?

A

The message are passed through the system by neurons (nerve cells)

47
Q

Define neuron

A

Neurons are specialised cells which transmit and receive messages in the form of electrical impulses.

48
Q

State the type of energy conversion carried out by receptors in the retina of your eye.

A

Light to electrical

49
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

A

Carrie messages across the synapses

50
Q

Throughout the nervous system there are small gaps, called______, between neurons.

A

Synapses

51
Q

How does a synapse work?

A

When the impulse reaches a synapse, the message is carried across the gap by neurotransmitters and then the neurotransmitter brakes down.

52
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

53
Q

Create an example of when the midbrain is used

A

For example, if your hand touches something hot, the midbrain tells the brain that the hand needs to be pulled away from the danger; this is because the midbrain is part of the nervous system.

54
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

It is a band of neural fibres that connect the left and right hemispheres together

Psychology (8 decks)

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