research support for ISI and NSI

Question 1

research support for ISI procedure

Answer 1

Jennes

used an ambigious situation where had glass jar full of 811 white beans
sample consisted of 26 students, who individuaally estimated how many beans were in bottle

partcipants were then divided into groups of 3 and asked to provide a group estimate through discussion
then asked to again estimate individually how many beans they thought, seeing if they woyuld change from their oringal snswer

Question 2

findings

Answer 2

nearly all participants changed their original answer when provided with another opportunity
second estimate tended to move towards their group estimate

avergae change of opinion was greater in females-women comfored more

Question 3

conclusion

Answer 3

suggests individuals changed their intial estimate due to informational social influence
beleived group estimate more liekly to be correct then their own

Question 4

research support for NSI

Answer 4

asche
123 male american particopants
each particopants saw two white cards
onw with standard line X, left hand card
other card, leith 3 compairion lines ABC
one of campirosn lined always clearly same length as line X
other 2 are substiantlyy different (clearly wrong)
each trial, participanst had to say whih of the lines were the same length as the standard line X

12 out of 18 of the trails were ciritcal

Question 5

findings of Asch study

Answer 5

on average genurine particopanst agrered with confederates, i correct answeres 36.8% of the time (they conformed 1/3 of the time)
25% never conformed, never gavae wrong answer

Question 6

concludion of ASch study

Answer 6

individual differneces in amount people are affected by minoirty infleunce
most particopants conformed publicy, but not preivaety

asch interviewed his partcipants after the experiment to find out why they conformed. MOst said they knew the answers were wrong but when along with it in oder to fit in within the group, not be rrdiculied

Question 7

variables investigated by ashe

Answer 7

Group size
Unanimity
Task difficulty
study tip: GUT

Question 8

group size

Answer 8

wanted to knwo if size of group would be more imporant than agreement of grouo
foudn that with 3 confederates, conformity to wrong answer rose to 31.8%
however, additional confedderates made little differnce
suggests that a small majoity is not sufficient for infleunce
no need for majoirty of more than 3

Question 9

unanimity

Answer 9

asche wanted to knwo if presnce of anoter non-conforming person would infleunce the individuals conformutt
introduced confederate who disagreed with others
presence of confederate, meant confimity reduced by a quater

Question 10

task difficulity

Answer 10

made the line judging task more difficult by making the comparison lines more similair in length to standard line
found that confomrity increased
sugegsts informational social inlfuence plays a part when task gets harder
more likely t assume that others re right and we are wrong when sitautionnbceoe more ambigious

Question 11

weakness of Asch

Answer 11

sasmple is biased

used a biased sample of 123 male students from colleges in america. We cannot genralse the results to other populations
e.g dont know if female students would have conformed in a simtilar wat
lacks populational validty and further research is required to knwo if female and males conform differently

Question 12

weakness of Asch

Answer 12

ethical issues breached

he broke serval ethical guidlines inclduing deception and protection from harm
delibertly told participants they werre taking part in vision test not experiment on conformity
although seen as unethical, did it to get a valid result
if partcyipast were aware of true aim they may have shown demand charctersitics and acted differently

not protected from harm as many reported feeling stressed when they disagreed with majority
however, he interviewd them after to overcome this issue