Research Methods & Stats Flashcards

1
Q

Item response theory/latent trait theory

A

used to calculate to what extent a specific item on a test correlates with an underlying construct. Can be used to equate scores from non-parallel measures. Used to develop individually tailored adaptive tests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

classical test theory

A

individual’s test score is the sum of true score variability and error score variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

empirical criterion keying

A

Used in MMPI development, items chosen based on their ability to discriminate group membership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ipsative measures

A

yield information only on the individual and not on how that individual compares to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Partial correlation

A

correlation between two variables when the effects of a third variable have been partialed out (removed) from both variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Semi-partial correlation

A

correlation between two variables when the effects of a third variable have been partialed out (removed) from one of the variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

coefficient of determination

A

proportion of variance shared by two variables and is the square of the correlation efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interval recording

A

a type of behavioral sampling used when there is no clear beginning, middle, and end of a behavior. Breaking up a period of time into smaller parts and recoding whether or not behavior took place during each interval. A type of time sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Standard error of measurement

A

average amount of error in predictor variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cluster sampling

A

identifying naturally occurring groups and then randomly selecting certain groups and sampling all within group or random sampling of group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is pooled error term used?

A

there is homogeneity of variance, i.e., homoscedasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is a separate error term used

A

there is heteroscedasticity, that is variance is not equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1-way ANOVA variables

A

1 IV, 1 continuous DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MANOVA variables

A

multiple DVs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chi-square variables

A

nominal DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2-way ANOVA
variables

A

2 IVs, 1 DV

17
Q

3-way ANOVA variables

A

3 IVs, 1 IV

18
Q

Factorial ANOVA

A

More than one IV, 1 DV

19
Q

Correlations are weaker when

A

range is restricted

20
Q

Assumptions for chi test

A

independence of observation (e.g., cannot be used when repeated measures are made)

21
Q

When to use MANOVA?

A

Multiple DVs

22
Q

formula for standard error of the mean

A

= population standard deviation divided by the square root of sample size

23
Q

analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

A

combines standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the technique or partial correlation. Allows effects of an extraneous/moderator variable to be statistically removed (partialed out).
exclusively used when partialing out the effects of a confound variable from research looking for differences between groups, not relationships among variables

24
Q

When is a t-test appropriate?

A

when there is only one IV and only two groups are being compared

25
assumptions of factorial ANOVA
more than one IV all IVs are between groups data are independent
26
define homoscedasticity
there is equal variance among groups
27
Define partial correlation
a statistical procedure that investigates the relationship between two variables while controlling (partialing out) the relationship of a 3rd variable
28
Percentage that falls within 1 SD of the mean (normal curve)
68%
29
Percentage that falls within 2 SD of the mean (normal curve)
95%
30
Percentage that falls within 3 SD of the mean (normal curve)
99.7%
31
What are z-scores?
Measure the distance for raw data from the mean in terms of standard deviations
32
formula for z-scores
Z= (x-Mean) divided by SD
33
What stanine score (of raw scores) is roughly equivalent to the mean?
5
34
Type I error
rejecting the null hypothesis when it's actually true (concluding results are significant when in reality they came about by chance) alpha
35
Type II error
Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it's actually false; failing to conclude there was an effect when there actually was (perhaps due to lack of power) Beta
36
What level of statistical power is considered sufficient
80% or higher
37
How is statistical power determined?
1-beta
38
What are beta weights?
standardized regression coefficients
39
What do beta weights signifiy?
the strength of the relationship between the predictor and criterion in standardized regression