Psychopathology

Question 1

Minimum duration of symptoms for diagnoses of cyclothymic disorder and persistent depressive disorder

Answer 1

2 years for adults
1 year for children and adolescents

Question 2

What is endogenous depression?

Answer 2

Depression that has no apparent cause

Question 3

What is the social reinforcement theory of depression (Lewinsohn)

Answer 3

depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors (based in operant conditioning)

Question 4

Which age group has the highest rate of depression?

Answer 4

12-17 year olds

Question 5

Which hormone is associated with MDD with seasonal pattern?

Answer 5

Higher than normal melatonin

Question 6

What disorder is ketamine most useful for treating?

Answer 6

treatment resistant depression

Question 7

What is meant by “treatment-resistant”?

Answer 7

inadequate response to at least two antidepressants from different classes.

Question 8

How does ECT affect memory?

Answer 8

Persistent retrograde amnesia (lasting several weeks or months, with many patients experiencing persistent gaps in memory prior to ECT tx)
Anterograde amnesia resolving within a few weeks after last ECT session

Question 9

What medication can be used to slow the progression of Alzheimers?

Answer 9

donepezil

Question 10

What brain areas are associated with depression?

Answer 10

hyperactivity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hypoactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 11

A DSM-5 diagnosis of separation anxiety requires a duration of symptoms of at least __________ for children and adolescents and __________ for adults.

Answer 11

4 weeks; six months

Question 12

What is the treatment of choice for specific phobia?

Answer 12

ERP

Question 13

_________ is exposing the individual to bodily sensations associated with a panic attack.

Answer 13

interoceptive exposure

Question 14

Minimum duration of symptoms for diagnosis of PTSD

Answer 14

1 month for adult, children, and adolescents

Question 15

Criteria for somatic symptom disorder

Answer 15

one or more symptoms that are distressing or cause a significant disruption in daily life and are accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are related to the symptoms or associated health concerns.

Question 16

Criteria for reactive attachment disorder

Answer 16

must have a history of extreme insufficient care that’s believed to be responsible for his/her symptoms, have had symptoms prior to age five, and have a developmental age of at least nine months.

Question 17

Brain areas affected by PTSD

Answer 17

hypoactive ventromedial prefrontal cortex,
hyperactive amygdala.

Question 18

What are hypnopompic hallucinations?

Answer 18

vivid dreams that occur just after awakening

Question 19

During which stage of sleep are sleepwalking and night terrors most likely to occur?

Answer 19

Stage 3 or 4 sleep in the first third of a major sleep period.

Question 20

Minimum duration of symptoms for diagnosis of bulimia?

Answer 20

3 months

Question 21

Sensate focus is used to treat _____
(Masters and Johnson)

Answer 21

performance anxiety associated with erectile disorder and other sexual dysfunctions

Question 22

Pharmacological treatment for premature ejaculation?

Answer 22

SSRI

Question 23

Minimum age for diagnosis of pedophilic disorder

Answer 23

16

Question 24

Behavioral interventions for paraphilic disorders are based on _____ conditioning and include _____ and ____.

Answer 24

classical;
covert sensitization;
orgasmic reconditioning