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psychology year 1 > research methods observations and questionaires > Flashcards

research methods observations and questionaires Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a controlled observation

A

take place where variables can be manipulated by experimenter

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2
Q

what is a naturalistic observation

A

take place in every day environment (normal behaviour)

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3
Q

what is covert observation

A

participants unaware they are being observed and do not consent

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4
Q

what is overt observation

A

participants aware they are being observed and do consent

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5
Q

what is participant observation

A

observers act as group being watched

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6
Q

what is non-participant observation

A

experimenter does not become apart of group being observed

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7
Q

strengths of controlled observation

A

Strengths
.reliably control extraneous variables

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8
Q

strengths of naturalistic observation

A

Strengths
.high ecological validity

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9
Q

strengths of covert observation

A

Strengths
.Validity
.Demand characteristics

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10
Q

strengths of overt observation

A

Strengths
.Ethical

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11
Q

strengths of participant observation

A

Strengths
.Valuable insight

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12
Q

strengths of non-Participant variables

A

Strengths
.Don’t lose objectivity

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13
Q

what is a questionnaire

A

a list of pre-determined questions.

Objective/scientific way of collecting data.

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14
Q

what is a interview

A

where participants answer questions face to face verbally.

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15
Q

strengths of a questionnaire

A

.Speed
.may be more willing to answer than in a interview

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16
Q

what are the sub types of questionaries

A

Open-Choose how to answer which gives rich/valid data

Closed-Fixed response and are easy to score

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17
Q

What are the subtypes of interviews

A

Structured-List of questions pre written, no deviation

Unstructured-few questions pre written, general theme

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18
Q

strengths of a structured interview

A

Strengths
.Data can be easily summarized/analyzed
.Clear focus of interview

19
Q

strengths of a unstructured interview

A

Strengths
.Data is qualitative=detail
.Interesting responses can be probed further

20
Q

Advantages of interview over questionnaire

A

.Body language
.Ask to elaborate
.Interpreters for those who speak foreign language

21
Q

what is independent measures

A

ppts take part in one condition of the condition of the IV

22
Q

what is repeated measures

A

ppts take part in all conditions of the IV

23
Q

what is matched pairs

A

ppts are matched in each condition of the IV based on characteristics that may have effect on their performance

24
Q

strengths of independent measures

A

.Less order effects
.Less demand characteristics

25
Q

weaknesses of independent measures

A

.individual differences
.More ppts required

26
Q

Strengths of repeated measures

A

.Less ppts required
.No ppts variables

27
Q

Weaknesses of repeated measures

A

.Order effects
.Demand characteristics

28
Q

Strengths of repeated measures

A

.ppt variables reduced
.ppts do one condition
.ppts less likely to guess experiment aim

29
Q

Weaknesses of repeated measures

A

.ppts cant be exactly matched
.time consuming and expenisve

30
Q

Weaknesses of controlled observation

A

.low ecological validity

31
Q

Weaknesses of controlled observation

A

.low ecological validity

32
Q

Weaknesses of naturalistic observation

A

.unreliable and cant control extraneous variables

33
Q

Weaknesses of covert observation

A

.Unethical

34
Q

Weaknesses of overt observation

A

.Demand characteristics
.Validity

35
Q

Weaknesses of participant observation

A

.Lose of objectivity

36
Q

Weaknesses of questionnaire’s

A

.Long time to design
.Wording may lead to incorrect responses
.Social desirability- Choose answers to look good so results inaccurate

37
Q

Weaknesses of structured interviews

A

Cannot probe further
.Formal may be less comfortable with participants

38
Q

Weaknesses of an unstructured interview

A

.Lack focus
.Skilled interviewer required
.Interviewers expectations may influence answers

39
Q

Correlation what is it

A

Between two sets of data means they are related in some way

40
Q

Positive correlation

A

Increase in one variable associated with increase in the other

41
Q

Negative correlation

A

Increase in one variable associated with decrease in other

42
Q

Coefficient

A

Variables measured against each other with no deliberate change.
Indication of relationship between co-variables

43
Q

Correlation weaknesses

A

Does not determine cause+effect

psychology year 1 (11 decks)

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