research methods observations and questionaires

Question 1

what is a controlled observation

Answer 1

take place where variables can be manipulated by experimenter

Question 2

what is a naturalistic observation

Answer 2

take place in every day environment (normal behaviour)

Question 3

what is covert observation

Answer 3

participants unaware they are being observed and do not consent

Question 4

what is overt observation

Answer 4

participants aware they are being observed and do consent

Question 5

what is participant observation

Answer 5

observers act as group being watched

Question 6

what is non-participant observation

Answer 6

experimenter does not become apart of group being observed

Question 7

strengths of controlled observation

Answer 7

Strengths
.reliably control extraneous variables

Question 8

strengths of naturalistic observation

Answer 8

Strengths
.high ecological validity

Question 9

strengths of covert observation

Answer 9

Strengths
.Validity
.Demand characteristics

Question 10

strengths of overt observation

Answer 10

Strengths
.Ethical

Question 11

strengths of participant observation

Answer 11

Strengths
.Valuable insight

Question 12

strengths of non-Participant variables

Answer 12

Strengths
.Don’t lose objectivity

Question 13

what is a questionnaire

Answer 13

a list of pre-determined questions.

Objective/scientific way of collecting data.

Question 14

what is a interview

Answer 14

where participants answer questions face to face verbally.

Question 15

strengths of a questionnaire

Answer 15

.Speed
.may be more willing to answer than in a interview

Question 16

what are the sub types of questionaries

Answer 16

Open-Choose how to answer which gives rich/valid data

Closed-Fixed response and are easy to score

Question 17

What are the subtypes of interviews

Answer 17

Structured-List of questions pre written, no deviation

Unstructured-few questions pre written, general theme

Question 18

strengths of a structured interview

Answer 18

Strengths
.Data can be easily summarized/analyzed
.Clear focus of interview

Question 19

strengths of a unstructured interview

Answer 19

Strengths
.Data is qualitative=detail
.Interesting responses can be probed further

Question 20

Advantages of interview over questionnaire

Answer 20

.Body language
.Ask to elaborate
.Interpreters for those who speak foreign language

Question 21

what is independent measures

Answer 21

ppts take part in one condition of the condition of the IV

Question 22

what is repeated measures

Answer 22

ppts take part in all conditions of the IV

Question 23

what is matched pairs

Answer 23

ppts are matched in each condition of the IV based on characteristics that may have effect on their performance

Question 24

strengths of independent measures

Answer 24

.Less order effects
.Less demand characteristics

Question 25

weaknesses of independent measures

Answer 25

.individual differences .More ppts required

Question 26

Strengths of repeated measures

Answer 26

.Less ppts required .No ppts variables

Question 27

Weaknesses of repeated measures

Answer 27

.Order effects .Demand characteristics

Question 28

Strengths of repeated measures

Answer 28

.ppt variables reduced .ppts do one condition .ppts less likely to guess experiment aim

Question 29

Weaknesses of repeated measures

Answer 29

.ppts cant be exactly matched .time consuming and expenisve

Question 30

Weaknesses of controlled observation

Answer 30

.low ecological validity

Question 31

Weaknesses of controlled observation

Answer 31

.low ecological validity

Question 32

Weaknesses of naturalistic observation

Answer 32

.unreliable and cant control extraneous variables

Question 33

Weaknesses of covert observation

Answer 33

.Unethical

Question 34

Weaknesses of overt observation

Answer 34

.Demand characteristics .Validity

Question 35

Weaknesses of participant observation

Answer 35

.Lose of objectivity

Question 36

Weaknesses of questionnaire’s

Answer 36

.Long time to design .Wording may lead to incorrect responses .Social desirability- Choose answers to look good so results inaccurate

Question 37

Weaknesses of structured interviews

Answer 37

Cannot probe further .Formal may be less comfortable with participants

Question 38

Weaknesses of an unstructured interview

Answer 38

.Lack focus .Skilled interviewer required .Interviewers expectations may influence answers

Question 39

Correlation what is it

Answer 39

Between two sets of data means they are related in some way

Question 40

Positive correlation

Answer 40

Increase in one variable associated with increase in the other

Question 41

Negative correlation

Answer 41

Increase in one variable associated with decrease in other

Question 42

Coefficient

Answer 42

Variables measured against each other with no deliberate change. Indication of relationship between co-variables

Question 43

Correlation weaknesses

Answer 43

Does not determine cause+effect