Research methods (non-experimental) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a survey?

A

Kalex, a large amount of data by asking lots of people questions, either face-to-face, or by a questionnaire

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2
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

Questionnaires are a preset list of questions, used to obtain both quantitive and qualitative data about the topic

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3
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Information gathered from questions that can be written in numerical form and analysed mathematically

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4
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Information gathered from questions that is rich, detailed and descriptive

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5
Q

What is a closed question?

A

Questions that are answered with a fixed response

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6
Q

What is an open question?

A

Questions that allow more details answers and opinions

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7
Q

What does it mean if somebody gives a socially desirable answer?

A

They are not giving an honest answer

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8
Q

What is a low response rate?

A

When researchers have problems getting questionnaires back

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9
Q

How many people make a representative sample?

A

50+

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10
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

A formal setting where preset questions are asked face-to-face

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11
Q

What is it unstructured interview?

A

A more informal setting where questions are developed during the course of the interview based on previous answers given

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12
Q

What is the interviewer affect?

A

The appearance of the interviewer can affect the interviewees response

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13
Q

Name the types of observation methods

A
  • Time sampling
  • Point sampling
  • Event sampling
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14
Q

What is observer bias?

A

The observer may consciously or subconsciously only record information to prove the hypothesis to be correct

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15
Q

What is a participant observation?

A

The research you get involved in the study/task they are observing. This can be done covertly or overtly

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16
Q

What is non-participant observation?

A

The research does not get involved in the study/task they observe from afar

17
Q

What is overt observation?

A

Participants are aware they are being observed

18
Q

What is covert observation?

A

Participants are on the way they are being observed

19
Q

What is natural observation?

A

Watching and recording people in the usual, real-life settings

20
Q

What is a controlled observation?

A

Watching a recording people in a lab setting

21
Q

What is a case study?

A

It’s an investigation of an individual or small group of people longitudinally, which provides qualitative data

22
Q

What does ‘longitudinal’ mean?

A

Research carried out over a long period of time

23
Q

What is a problem with a small/individual sample?

A

Low external validity - unrepresentative samples of results can’t be generalised to the rest of the target population

24
Q

What is a correlation?

A

Correlations look for a relationship between two variables

25
What is a positive correlation?
As one variable increases, so does the other
26
What is a negative correlation?
As one variable increases the other one decreases
27
What does zero correlations mean?
That there is no relationship at all
28
How are correlations expressed?
In the form of a scatter graph