Research methods (non-experimental)

Question 1

What is a survey?

Answer 1

Kalex, a large amount of data by asking lots of people questions, either face-to-face, or by a questionnaire

Question 2

What is a questionnaire?

Answer 2

Questionnaires are a preset list of questions, used to obtain both quantitive and qualitative data about the topic

Question 3

What is quantitative data?

Answer 3

Information gathered from questions that can be written in numerical form and analysed mathematically

Question 4

What is qualitative data?

Answer 4

Information gathered from questions that is rich, detailed and descriptive

Question 5

What is a closed question?

Answer 5

Questions that are answered with a fixed response

Question 6

What is an open question?

Answer 6

Questions that allow more details answers and opinions

Question 7

What does it mean if somebody gives a socially desirable answer?

Answer 7

They are not giving an honest answer

Question 8

What is a low response rate?

Answer 8

When researchers have problems getting questionnaires back

Question 9

How many people make a representative sample?

Answer 9

50+

Question 10

What is a structured interview?

Answer 10

A formal setting where preset questions are asked face-to-face

Question 11

What is it unstructured interview?

Answer 11

A more informal setting where questions are developed during the course of the interview based on previous answers given

Question 12

What is the interviewer affect?

Answer 12

The appearance of the interviewer can affect the interviewees response

Question 13

Name the types of observation methods

Answer 13

• Time sampling
• Point sampling
• Event sampling

Question 14

What is observer bias?

Answer 14

The observer may consciously or subconsciously only record information to prove the hypothesis to be correct

Question 15

What is a participant observation?

Answer 15

The research you get involved in the study/task they are observing. This can be done covertly or overtly

Question 16

What is non-participant observation?

Answer 16

The research does not get involved in the study/task they observe from afar

Question 17

What is overt observation?

Answer 17

Participants are aware they are being observed

Question 18

What is covert observation?

Answer 18

Participants are on the way they are being observed

Question 19

What is natural observation?

Answer 19

Watching and recording people in the usual, real-life settings

Question 20

What is a controlled observation?

Answer 20

Watching a recording people in a lab setting

Question 21

What is a case study?

Answer 21

It’s an investigation of an individual or small group of people longitudinally, which provides qualitative data

Question 22

What does ‘longitudinal’ mean?

Answer 22

Research carried out over a long period of time

Question 23

What is a problem with a small/individual sample?

Answer 23

Low external validity - unrepresentative samples of results can’t be generalised to the rest of the target population

Question 24

What is a correlation?

Answer 24

Correlations look for a relationship between two variables

Question 25

What is a positive correlation?

Answer 25

As one variable increases, so does the other

Question 26

What is a negative correlation?

Answer 26

As one variable increases the other one decreases

Question 27

What does zero correlations mean?

Answer 27

That there is no relationship at all

Question 28

How are correlations expressed?

Answer 28

In the form of a scatter graph