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Psychology > Brain and neuro 🧠 > Flashcards

Brain and neuro 🧠 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the brain?

A

The organ in the head made up of nerves that processes information controls our behaviour

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2
Q

What is the brain part of?

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?

A

Via the brainstem which is connected to the spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Controls are reflexes

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5
Q

What are the bumps on the outer cortex called?

A

Gyri

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6
Q

How many hemispheres does the brain have?

A

2

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7
Q

What are the five parts of the brain?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • cerebellum
  • temporal lobe
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8
Q

Name the functions of the frontal lobe.

A
  • planning of movements
  • recent memories
  • decision making and impulse control
  • some emotions - aggression
  • reasoning and personality
  • Broca’s area
  • motor cortex
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9
Q

Name the function of the parietal lobe.

A
  • processing information
  • helps us with perception and recognises smells and tastes
  • helps us too read and write
  • sensory cortex
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10
Q

Name the function of the occipital lobe.

A
  • ability to see
  • visual cortex is located here
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11
Q

Name the function of the cerebellum.

A
  • automatic skill function - riding a bike, writing
  • vital role in movement, co-ordination and balance
  • takes ingot from our senses and spinal corn and sorts of the brain
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12
Q

In the function of the temporal lobe.

A
  • helps us with hearing and creating speech
  • controls memory function
  • language and comprehension
  • recognise faces
  • auditory cortex
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13
Q

What study supports the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Phineas gage

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14
Q

What is lateralisation of function?

A

Each hemisphere of the brain does a different job/role

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15
Q

What is an asymmetrical function?

A

Both sides of the brain are not a mirror image of each other. Each hemisphere controls different functions, or plays a large or smaller role in particular behaviour-they are not equal in what they do

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16
Q

Name the functions of the left hemisphere.

A

Controls the right side of the body and functions
- sensory stimulus from the right side of body
- Motor control of right side of body
- speech, language and comprehension
- Analysis and calculations
- Time and sequencing
- Recognition of words, letters and numbers

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17
Q

Name the functions of the right hemisphere.

A

Controls left side of the body and functions
- sensory stimulus from left side of body
- Motor control of left side of body
- creativity
- spatial ability
- context/perception
- Recognition of faces, places and objects

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18
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Nerve fibres connecting the two hemispheres of the brain, so they can communicate and the brain can function as one complete organ

19
Q

What is broca’s area?

A

This is responsible for converting thought into speech. Located in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere

20
Q

What did Harasty find about females in lateralisation?

A

They had a bigger broca’s area

21
Q

What did Rilea find about males in lateralisation?

A

Then we are better at spatial awareness tasks

22
Q

What does a female brain do differently to males?

A

They have a stick at corpus callosum to the brain hemispheres communicate more

23
Q

What does a male brain do differently to a females?

A

Dominant hemisphere (right)

24
Q

What happens if the pre-frontal cortex is damaged?

A
  • means people may not be able to function in the normal way
  • makes it difficult for some people to control emotions and can lead to personality change
  • make some people are more likely to commit crime
25
Q

What did Raine find?

A

Found damage/less activity to pre-frontal cortex in murderers, then non-murders

26
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to interpret and recognise sensations, can be via touch, smell, sight, etc

27
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

Inability to recognise things you see

28
Q

What are some symptoms of visual agnosia?

A
  • not able to recognise colour
  • unable to name objects or recognise them
  • unable to recognise familiar places
29
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for perception? (Agnosia)

A

Parietal lobe

30
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

Face blindness. It is the inability to recognise faces, even though they can be seen

31
Q

What are the symptoms of prosopagnosia?

A
  • unable to identify faces
  • find all faces look the same
32
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Release messages from the brain to the body

33
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Nerves-connect to release messages from the CNS to the rest of the body

34
Q

What are neurons?

A

(Nerve cells) release chemicals Codnor are transmitted, which past messages from one cell to another

35
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

Neurons release neurotransmitters, and then move up the synaptic and are taken up by another neuron

36
Q
A
37
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The gap between neurons

38
Q

What is the axon?

A

The long structure that connects the cell body of the neuron to the terminal button at the end of the cell

39
Q

What are the vesicles?

A

Small sacs containing neurotransmitters

40
Q

What is the terminal button?

A

The end of the neuron, which has vesicles which hold the neurotransmitters

41
Q

What are the receptors?

A

Special sites or neurons that are designed to absorb neurotransmitters

42
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Helps people with attention and learning

43
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

Play a role in the mood

44
Q

What does GABA do?

A

Plays a role in calming us down to help relax is when we are stressed

Psychology (8 decks)

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