Research methods - Features of science

Question 1

What is objectivity based on?

Answer 1

Based on facts/data/results and not on opinions or beliefs. To make sure there is objectivity, the scientific process (empirical method) is followed. To make sure there is complete objectivity, quantifiable numbers are best to use.

Question 2

What are the steps of the empirical method that most researchers follow?

Answer 2

1. Ask a question = what observable phenomenon is the researcher interested in?
2. Form a theory= made based around existing knowledge, as well as the researcher’s questions
3. Make a prediction/hypothesis = a precise testable statement based on the question the researcher had.
4. Carry out experiment/test/study = the experiment must have a standard procedure to follow, with controls to allow for validity and reliability . The results of the study will provide evidence for the researcher’s theory.
5. Adjust theory = the hypothesis can be accepted or rejected based on evidence. If the hypothesis is rejected, the researcher’s theory would be altered.

Question 3

What makes a study replicable?

Answer 3

A study has replicability if results are the same when it is repeated with the same experimental conditions.