research methods Flashcards
what is an experimental hypothesis?
a general prediction about the direction of interaction between the IV and the Dv and the population
what are the four elements of an operational hypothesis?
- a testable prediction
- population
- operationalised IV
- operationalised DV
what is the confounding effect?
then uncontrolled variable has an effect on the DV
what is artificiality?
unnatural environment effects the experiment
what are demand characteristics?
know they are being studied so they change
what is an independent groups design?
randomly sampled to control and experimental groups
- popular and easy to administer
- doesn’t minimise potential difference in characteristics
what is the matched participants design?
involves pairing each participant based on a characteristic they share
randomly allocated to control and experimental
- even spread of participants characteristics
- involves protesting
what is a repeated measures design?
same participants for both
- eliminates differences
- creates order effect but counterbalancing eliminates order effect
what is a cross sectional design?
studies cohorts who differ in age at the same time
- quick, easy, cheap
- creates cohort effect
what is a longitudinal design?
study same people at different times
- no cohort effect
- expensive, time consuming, lose participants, cross generational problem
what is a longitudinal sequential design?
groups of participants are studied over time and at each measurement a new group is added that was the same age as the first group at the beginning of the study
- complex and expensive
what is the cross cultural approach?
start with a theory in one culture then apply it to another.
what is subjective data?
observations of behaviour
- biased and difficult to statistically analyse
what is objective data?
numerical.
- can be statistically analysed
- easily measured and compared
what is qualitative data?
changes in quality of behaviour and in words