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biological influences Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Psychology

A

The systematic study of behaviour and mental processes

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2
Q

What’s in the forebrain? What do these parts do?

A

Cerebrum - responsible for complex thoughts
Thalamus - relay motor and sensory info, memory, alertness, consciousness, memory and cognition.
Corpus Callosum - connects right and left hemispheres and allows info to pass between them.

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3
Q

function of the forebrain

A

sensory integration, voluntary movement, intellectual functions

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4
Q

What is in the midbrain? What do these parts do?

A

Reticular activating system - regulates the shift between sleep and awareness, vital role during sleep and dreams, responsible for providing joint response.

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5
Q

function of the midbrain

A

motor functions, never fibres that connect the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum

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6
Q

What is in the hindbrain? What do these parts do?

A

Cerebellum - controls complex muscular movement, coordination, balance, posture, timing
Pons - regulates breathing, taste and autonomic functions
Medulla oblongata - controls vital functions you don’t think about
Spinal cord - transmits messages between the brain and PNS

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7
Q

Where’s the frontal lobe? What is its functions? What are the problems after injury?

A

Located at the front.
Function is planning, organising, problem solving, decision making, memory, attention and controlling behaviour, emotions and impulses.
After injury there can be problems with emotions, impulses, language and memory,

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8
Q

Where’s the parietal lobe? What is its functions? What are the problems after injury?

A

Located at the middle at the top.
Functions are joins sensory info from various parts of the body, contains sensory cortex, tells which way is up and stops us bumping into things.
After injury you may not be able to locate or recognise parts of your body.

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9
Q

Where’s the occipital lobe? What is its functions? What are the problems after injury?

A

Located at the back.
Functions are receiving and processing visual info, containing areas that perceive shapes and colours.
After injury you can have visual field defects and distorted perceptions of size, colour and shape.

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10
Q

Where’s the temporal lobe? What is its functions? What are the problems after injury?

A

Located at the middle base
Functions are recognising and processing sound, understanding and producing speech and various aspects of memory
After injury you can have hearing loss, language issues and memory problems.

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11
Q

What does the CNS consist of? What is its function?

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord
Acts as the control centre receiving and messages from all parts of the body
Interprets messages then sends info back to the body parts to instruct what to do.

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12
Q

What does the PNS consist of? What is its function?

A

Consists of sensory receptors and nerves

Continually informs the CNS of changing conditions

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13
Q

Where is the brocas located? What is the function? What happens after injury?

A

Located at the left of the frontal lobe
Function is language production and comprehension of complex syntax
When injury occurs you can get brocas aphasia which includes halting speech, repetitive speech, disordered syntax, grammar and disordered structure of words.

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14
Q

Where is the wernicks located? What is the function? What happens when damaged?

A

Located in the left hemisphere at the left back of the temporal lobe
Function is language comprehension
When damaged you can get wernicks aphasia which has inappropriate words, inability to understand spoken language and trouble synchronising objects with the words that signify them.

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15
Q

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

Language, learning, maths and logical thinking

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16
Q

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

Artistic, musical, intuitive and perceptual abilities

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17
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Section that connects the right and left hemispheres

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18
Q

What is the function of a neurotransmitter?

A

Neurotransmitters are the brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body. They relay signals between nerve cells called neurons.

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19
Q

Where are neurotransmitters located?

A

Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are receive by receptors on other synapses.

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20
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A 
Dendrite - receives info 
Cell body - sends message down axon
Axon - message 
Synapse - transfers message 
Myelin sheath - protects axon
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21
Q

What is the function of a sensory neuron?

A

recieve info from the external environment and from within the body and transmit this info to the CNS

22
Q

What it is the function of a motor neuron?

A

Transfer messages from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles

23
Q

What is the function of an interneuron?

A

Transfer messages within the CNS

24
Q

function of an axon

A

threadlike extension that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

25
Q

function of myelin sheath

A

function of the myelin sheath fatty covering that increases their communication speed

26
Q

function of dendrites

A

recieve messages and conduct impulses toward the cell

27
Q

function of the somatosensory cortex

A

recieve and process infomation from our senses

28
Q

function of the motor cortex

A

recieves, processes and sends infomation about voluntary bodily movements

29
Q

function of the visual cortex

A

receiving and processing visual information from the eyes

30
Q

function of the auditory cortex

A

responsible for sound and the ability to hear

31
Q

ability to come to conclusions depends on

A
  • selection of representative sample
  • appropriate allocation of participants
  • ensuring participants are unaware
  • eliminating the possibility of experimenter bias
32
Q

strengths of a case study

A

provides detailed info
useful for research
permits investigation of impractical situations

33
Q

limitations of case studies

A

can’t generalise results
researchers feelings may influence
difficult to duplicate
time consuming

34
Q

effect of endorphins

A

painkilling
lifts mood
energy

35
Q

dopamine effects

A 
inhibits certain synpases and slows down motor responses 
regulates blood flow 
modulates eating habits 
pleasure reward
motivation
memory 
attention 
mood
36
Q

seratonin effects

A 
mood
appetite
digestion 
memory 
sexual disuse 
muscle constriction 
transmits impulses
37
Q

noradrenaline effects

A

hormone
increase heart rate and other arousal processes
effects on learning and memory
excesses and deficiencies lead to mood disorders

38
Q

depressant definition

A

slows down mental processes and the nervous system

39
Q

hallucinogens definition

A

interfere with the brain and CNS in a way that results in radical distortions of a users perception of reality

40
Q

stimulant definition

A

speeds up mental processes and excites the nervous system

41
Q

what are the three functions of the nervous system?

A
  • recieve info
  • process
  • coordinate responses
42
Q

what are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

43
Q

what is the somatic nervous system?

A

transmits info from sense receptor sights in all parts of the body to and from the CNS
voluntary muscle movement and skeletal nervous system

44
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system?

A

network of nerves that carry neural messages between the CNS and the heart, lungs and other organs and glands
divided into two divisions

45
Q

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

46
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest

47
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

fight or flight

48
Q

what is the function of neurons?

A

recieve, process and transmit info to other neurons in the form of neural impulses

49
Q

what is within the axon terminal?

A

many mitochonria to provide energy for all cell functions and a number of vesicles that contain neurotransmitters

50
Q

how does the action potential effect the vesicles?

A

when it arrives in the terminal it causes them to move towards the membrane of the terminal and to merge with it so the NT’s spill into the synaptic gap and diffuse across the post synpatic dendrite membrane

51
Q

what is a neuromodulator?

A

Chemical substance that influences (modulates) the activity of neurotransmitters at the synapse;
Make neurons more or less receptive to a neurotransmitter.

psychology (9 decks)

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