Research Method-quantiative Data Flashcards
What is qualitative data
Occurs as descriptive
Whats quantitative data
Occurs as numbers
What does bar chart show
Data in the form of categories being compared
What does histograms show
Present continuos data like test scores
What does frequency polygon show
⚫️Present continuous data
➡️used when two or more frequency distributions
➡️need to be compared
What does scattergrams show
⚫️used to display correlation data
➡️showing how co-variables are related
What does the measure of central tendency mean
⚫️methods of estimating mid-point scores
➡️in sets of data
➡️by summarising large amounts of data
➡️into typical scores
What does median mean
⚫️the middle score
➡️in a list of rank-ordered scores
What are the strengths of the median
⚫️not affected by extreme scores
⚫️the data can be put in rank order
What is the weakness of the median
⚫️not as sensitive as the mean
➡️as not all scores are used
⚫️can be unrepresentative in a small set of data
What is the mean
⚫️mathematical average
➡️calculated by
➡dividing the total scores
➡️by the number of scores
What is the strength of the mean
⚫️makes use of all the scores
➡️in a set of data
➡️in its calculation
⚫️most accurate measure of the central tendency
➡️uses the interval level of measurement
➡️where the units of measurements
➡️are of equal size
What is the weakness of the mean
⚫️mean score may not actually be one of the scores in the data
⚫️can be skewed (unrepresentative)
➡️if there are extreme scores
What is the mode
The most commonly occurring score in a set of data
What is the strength of the mode
⚫️less likely to be affected by extreme value
⚫️makes more sense than other measures of central tendency
What is the weakness of the mode
⚫️more than one mode can occur in a set of data
⚫️does not use all scores
What does measures of dispersion mean
➡️measurements of the spread of scores
➡️within a set of data
What is the range
The difference between the highest and lowest scores
What is the strength of the range
⚫️relatively easy and quick to calculate
⚫️takes full account of extreme values
What is the weakness of the range
⚫️can be distorted by extreme values
⚫doesnt show data as clustered
➡️or spread evenly around the mean
What does the interquartile range mean
The spread of the middle 50% of a set of scores
What are the strengths of IQR
➡️easy to calculate
➡️not affected by extreme values
What are the weakness of IQR
⚫doesn’t make use of all the scores in a set of data
⚫️becomes inaccurate if there are large intervals between individual scores
What does standard deviation mean
Measures of the variability of a set of scores from the mean
What are the strengths of standard deviation
⚫️has sensitivity
➡️as all scores in a set if data is used
⚫️allows for the interpretation of individual scores
What is the weakness of standard deviation
⚫️relatively complicated to calculate
⚫️becomes less meaningful
➡️if data are not normally distrubuted
What is content analysis
⚫️converts qualitative data into quantitative data
➡️allowing the numerical analysis
➡️of written, verbal and visual communications
➡️such as newspapers, advertisements
What dos content analysis require
⚫️creation of quantifiable coding units
➡️to categorise material to be analysed
➡categorising through coding units
➡️can involve words, themes, characters or time and space
