Disruption Of Attachment Flashcards
Give research studies to support the MDH
⚫️goldfarb
➡️compared institutionally raised and fostered children
➡️found institutional care
➡️damages social and intellectual development
⚫️bowlby found
➡️maternal separation causes serious consequences
➡️developing affectionless psychopathy
➡️personality is characterised by no social conscience
⚫️spitz
➡️disruption of attachments has negative outcomes
➡️analytic depression
➡️which are social withdrawal, sadness, weight loss and development retardness
Outline bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis
⚫️formed from studies of institutionalised children
➡️believe that if attachments are disrupted
➡️serious irreversible damage will occur
➡️to emotional social and intellectual capabilities
Give evaluation of the maternal deprivation hypothesis
⚫️godbarf
➡️ddnt use random samples
➡️so the fostered children may have been
➡️naturally brighter, more sociable and healthier than institutionally raised kids
➡️hence why they were fostered rather than placed in care
⚫️children home have unstimulating environments
➡️explains retarded development
➡️rather than lack of maternal care
⚫️bowlby confused privation with deprivation
➡️institutional care concerned with privation
➡️where no attachment ever formed
➡️rather than deprivation
➡️where attachments have formed and broken
What does deprivation mean
Separation from attachment figures
Give examples of short term separations
⚫️hospitalisation of infants or attachment figures
⚫️attachment figure goes to work
➡️while infant has childcare
⚫holidays
Describe bowlbys components of distress caused by Short term separation
⚫️protest
➡️during the first few hours
➡️children will protest at being separated
⚫️despair
➡️after a day or two
➡️child will loose interest
➡️become withdrawn
⚫️detachment
➡️after a few days
➡️child becomes more alert and interested in surroundings
➡️but trust in caregiver may be lost
Give a research study of Short term deprivation
⚫️robertson and robertson ➡️found evidence of PDF ➡️with short term hospitalisation ➡️With long term negative effects ➡️such as tantrum
⚫️douglas
➡️supported the maternal deprivation hypothesis
➡️found separation of less than a week
➡️associated wit behavioural difficulties
➡️in children aged 4
⚫️quinton and rutter ➡️supported Maternal deprivation hypothesis ➡️found adolescent behavioural problems ➡️related to short term hospitalisation ➡️in the first 5 years if life
Gove an evaluation of short term deprivation
⚫️robertson and robertson
➡️showed negative effects of short term separation can be avoided
➡️giving kids alternative attachment and usual home routine
➡️suggest negative consequences are not inevitable
⚫️robertsons research influenced changes in hospital routines
➡️children had regular contact with same nurses
➡️allowing attachments to form
➡️visitng hours allows regular contact with caregivers
➡️children encouraged to bring familiar toys with them
⚫️barrett
➡️individual differences in reaction to short term separation is not considered
➡️securely attached and more mature children cope well with separations
➡️suggest only certain children experience distress
Give example of long term separations
➡️death of attachments figure
➡️adoption
➡institutionalisation
Give research studies of long term deprivation
⚫️schaffer found
➡️most children are negatively affected by divorce
⚫️hetherington and stanley hagan found
➡️negative development outcomes due to dovorce
➡️were more short than long term
⚫️furstenberg and kiernan found
➡️children of divorced families
➡️score lower on measures of
➡️social development, emotional well being, physical health and intellectual attainment
Give evaluation of long term deprivation
⚫️logical that long term rather than short term deprivation
➡️causes stronger negative consequences
➡️research supports this
⚫️demo and acock found
➡️children developing stronger attachment with parents after divorce
➡️due to removal of the stressful environment of marital conflict
➡️parents become more attentive and supportive to children after divorce
➡️shows negative consequences not inevitable
⚫️research into long term deprivation
➡️allowed psychologists to develop coping strategies
➡️helps children to deal with divorce
➡️american states require divorcing parents to attend training programmes
➡️teaching them strategies like providing emotional warmth
What does privation mean
Never having formed an attachment
Why are institutional children often regarded as an example of privation
⚫️Placed in the institution
➡️before maternal bonds had formed
➡provided no opportunities for attachments to form
Give research studies of privation
⚫️koluchova reported
➡️twin boys cruelly treated by their stepmother
➡️discovered at age 7
➡️physically underdeveloped, lacked speech, scared of adults
➡️at age 14
➡️being adopted by nurturing sisters
➡️their social,emotional,physical and intellectual functioning was normal
➡️this continued to adulthood
➡️portrays privation not permanent
⚫️freud&dann reported
➡️orphans who survived the nazi concentration camps
➡brought to Britain
➡with ️little language ability,retardation, hostility to adults
➡️formed attachments to carers overtime
➡showed physical and intellectual development
➡️suggest privation effects are reversible
Give evaluation of privation
⚫recoveries made
➡️due to close attachments
➡️twins had with each other
⚫️case studies lack validity
➡️dependant on retrospective memories
➡️can be selective incomplete or dishonest
⚫️privation study show:
➡bowlbys view of negative effects of maternal deprivation
➡️being irreversible is false
➡️recovery is possible
➡️if subsequent loving nurturer relationship is encountered
