Research in Nursing Practice- 28 questions

Question 1

A nurse researcher tested whether sucrose (vs. sterile water) had a beneficial effect on infant pain during immunizations. Neither those administering the intervention nor the parents of the infants knew which infants received the sucrose. This strategy is an example of:
A) Randomization
B) Attrition
C) Crossing over
D) Blinding

Answer 1

D) Blinding

Question 2

Which is a question that researchers may ask when deciding how to control cofounding variables?
A) From whom should information about the design be withheld?
B) When will the research data be collected?
C) What factors, other than the independent variable, could affect the outcome?
D) Where and how often will data collection occur?

Answer 2

C) What factors, other than the independent variable could affect the outcome?

Question 3

Which is invariably a feature of quasi-experimental research
A) An intervention
B) A control group
C) Matching
D) Randomization

Answer 3

A) An intervention

Question 4

If a researcher wanted to describe the relationship between women’s age and frequency of performing breast self-examination, the study would be classified as which of the following?
A) Descriptive correlational
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Longitudinal
D) Experimental

Answer 4

A) Descriptive correlational

Question 5

Researchers collect data at a single point in time in which type of study?
A) Time-series
B) Cross-sectional
C) Longitudinal
D) Crossover

Answer 5

B) Cross-sectional

Question 6

What is a major weakness of correlation studies?
A) They are vulnerable to self-selection bias
B) They tend to be expensive
C) They tend to be artificial
D) They are complex

Answer 6

A) They are vulnerable to self-selection bias

Question 7

Homogeneity is a principle that can be used to control extraneous variation from participant characteristics. What does homogeneity entail?
A) Not allowing important cofounders to vary in the research sample
B) Making the treatment conditions as homogeneous as possible
C) Stratifying participants into homogeneous groups?
D) Randomly assigning

Answer 7

A) Not allowing important cofounders to vary in the research sample

Question 8

Which is true about evidence-based practice?
A) Evidence-based guidelines are unrelated to accreditation regulations.
B) Evidence-based practice is determined only through experimental studies
C) Most nursing interventions are based on evidence-based principles
D) The use of evidence-based practice results in improved patient outcomes.

Answer 8

D) The use of evidence-based practice results in improved patient outcomes.

Question 9

A nurse researcher is studying fear of failing in community-dwelling elders. Which might be a reasonable exclusion criterion?
A) People age 65 years or younger
B) People who live in their own homes
C) People who have periods of diziness
D) People who are married

Answer 9

A) People age 65 years or younger

Question 10

Sampling in research may be defined as
A) insurance that each person has a chance of being included in the study
B) establishment of criteria for eligibility to participate in a study
C) identification of the population in which the researcher is interested.
D) selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population

Answer 10

D) selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population

Question 11

Strata are incorporated into the design of which of the following sampling approaches?
A) Systemic
B) Purposive
C) Quota
D) Consecutive

Answer 11

C) Quota

Question 12

Which is a consequence of having too small a sample?
A) Insufficient power to detect differences in groups being compared
B) Lack of control over cofounding variables
C) Sampling bias
D) Lack of ability to stratify the sample

Answer 12

A) Insufficient power to detect differences in groups being compared

Question 13

A Major advantage of closed-ended questions is that they do which of the following?
A) Are easy to construct
B) Are analyzed in a straightforward manner
C) Encourage in-depth responses
D) Are not subject to response biases

Answer 13

B) Are analyzed in a straightforward manner

Question 14

Which is not a characteristic of qualitative research design?

Answer 14

It involves minimum oversight once the study is under way
Once established, the research design remains consistent

Question 15

Which design question is relevant in both qualitative and quantitative studies?

Answer 15

How often will data be collected?

Question 16

Which method facilitates bracketing?

Answer 16

Maintaining reflexive journal

Question 17

Which procedure do grounded theory researchers use to develop and refine theoretically relevant categories?

Answer 17

Constant comparison

Question 18

Which qualitative tradition would be the foundation for the following questions? “What social processes do women use to maintain balance through transition?”

Answer 18

Ethnography

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT)?
A) The subjects are randomly assigned to groups
B) The trial design incorporates a control group
C) The trial is double-blind
D) The experimenter manipulates the independent variable

Answer 19

C) The trial is double-blind

Question 20

A researcher collected stories about how 16 suicide survivors felt when they learned their suicide attempts had failed. What type of qualitative study… (missing rest of question?)

Answer 20

A narrative analysis

Question 21

In thinking about sampling for a qualitative study, a researcher may ask what question?

Answer 21

?

Question 22

A qualitative researcher studied womens decision to delay childbearing until their 30’s, initial study participants referred friends (…sentence missing). What type of sample is being used with such referrals?

Answer 22

Snowball

Question 23

The ______ is the point above which and below which 50% of the cases fall

Answer 23

Mean

Question 24

Which is a key criterion for being included in a sample for a phenomenological study?

Answer 24

The person must have experienced the phenomenon being studied

Question 25

Focus group interviews involve going around the room and asking each person in the group the same question
A) The person guiding a focus group interview is called a moderator
B) Focus groups are less efficient than individual interviews
C) Focus group sessions typically involve about 20 people

Answer 25

A) The person guiding a focus group interview is called a moderator

Question 26

Ethnographers strive to
A) Understand human culture
B) develop an etic perspective
C) link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole
D) Understand the essence of a phenomenon

Answer 26

D) Understand the essence of a phenomenon

Question 27

Within which qualitative tradition would the following questions be addressed? “What is the essence of men’s experiences of chemotherapy treatment for prostate cancer?”
A) Grounded theory
B) Ethnography
C) Phenomenology
D) Qualitative description

Answer 27

C) Phenomenology

Question 28

Which qualitative tradition focuses on the manner in which people make sense of and resolve problems that arise within social contexts
A) Phenomenology
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnography
D) Narrative analysis

Answer 28

B) Grounded theory