Research Designs Flashcards
What is an independent measures design?
Participants only take part in one condition of the experiment
What is a repeated measures design?
One group of participants take part in both conditions of the experiment
What is a matched pairs design?
Participants are matched in each condition for characteristics that may have an effect on their performance e.g. age, IQ, previous test scores
What is a strength of independent measures avoiding order effects?
Participants will not become bored or tired increasing validity
How are independent measures more time consuming to complete than repeated measures?
More people are needed due to separate conditions
How is there less chance of demand characteristics in independent measures?
Participants only do one condition so its less likely that they will know the aim, increasing validity
Why might there be participant variables in independent measures?
Differences between groups may affect results e.g. variations in age, sex, or social background
How do repeated measures avoid participant variables?
Compares scores from one condition to another for the same participant
Why are demand characteristics higher in repeated measures?
Participants are involved in all conditions so validity is reduced
How are repeated measures less time consuming?
Fewer people are needed as same people can take part in group conditions
Why are order effects more likely to occur in repeated measures?
Participants have to do both conditions, reducing validity
What is counter balancing?
Alternating order in which participants perform in different conditions of an experiment
e.g. group 1 does A then B, group 2 does B then A to eliminate order effects
How do matched pairs avoid participant variables?
Compares scores from one condition to another for the same participant
Why are matched pairs time consuming to do?
Hard to find appropriate matches for all participants
Why is there less chance of demand characteristics for a matched pairs design?
Less likely to know the aims as they only do one condition, increasing validity
