Research Design

Question 1

Percentile Ranking

Answer 1

Percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it.

Question 2

Standard Error of Estimate

Answer 2

Measure of variation of an observation made around the computed regression line. “Used to check the accuracy of predictions.”

Question 3

Standard Error of Measurement

Answer 3

A measure of how much measured test scores are spread around a “true” score.

Question 4

Distribution Curve

Answer 4

A very common continuous probability distribution

Question 5

Double-Blind Study

Answer 5

Experiment in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment

Used to rule out bias.

Question 6

Validity

Answer 6

The extent to which concepts, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world based on probability.

Question 7

Reliability

Answer 7

The overall consistency of a measure.

A measured is said to have high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent circumstances.

Question 8

Effect Size

Answer 8

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon.

Question 9

Measurement of Central Tendency

Answer 9

A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data.
Mean: mathematical average
Median: Middle score of a data set that has been arranged in order of magnitude.
Mode: Most frequent score in a data set.
Range: Subtract the least value from the greatest value

Question 10

Type 2 Errors

Answer 10

The failure to reject a false null hypothesis.

Question 11

Type 1 Error

Answer 11

The rejection of a true null hypothesis

Question 12

ANOVA’s

Answer 12

“Variation” among and in between groups
A collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures used to analyze difference between/among group means.

Question 13

Types of Design: Meta-Analysis

Answer 13

Analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies

Question 14

Types of Design: Review

Answer 14

Lit Review

Systematic Review

Question 15

Types of Design: Experimental

Answer 15

Experiment with random assignment, often called true experimentation, use the scientific method to establish cause-effect relationship among a group of variables in a research study. Researchers make an effort to control for all variables except the one being manipulated (the independent variable). The effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable are collected and analyzed for a relationship.

Question 16

Types of Research Design: Semi-Experimental

Answer 16

(often referred to as Causal-Comparative) seeks to establish a cause-effect relationship between two or more variables. The researcher does not assign groups and does not manipulate the independent variable. Control groups are identified and exposed to the variable. Results are compared with results from groups not exposed to the variable.
Example: field experiment

Question 17

Type of research design: Correlational

Answer 17

explores the relationship between variables using statistical analyses. However, it does not look for cause and effect and therefore, is also mostly observational in terms of data collection.
Examples:
Case-control study
Observational Study

Question 18

Types of Research Design: Descriptives

Answer 18

seeks to describe the current status of a variable or phenomenon. The researcher does not begin with a hypothesis, but typically develops one after the data is collected. Data collection is mostly observational in nature.
Examples: 
Case-study
Naturalistic Observation
Survey

Question 19

Confounding Variables

Answer 19

A variable that affects both the dependent and independent variable causing associations to appear that may not be valid. The confounding variable, if not planned for interfere with the relationship between the dependent and independent variable.

Question 20

Independent Variables

Answer 20

A variable believed to affect the dependent variable.

Treatment or intervention variable, measured and manipulated.

Question 21

Dependent variable

Answer 21

The variable the researcher is interested in.

Response variable, observed aspect of behavior of participant that has received an intervention.

Question 22

Variables

Answer 22

Anything that has a quantity or quality that varies.