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Exams > Research Analysis & Design Exam 1 > Flashcards

Research Analysis & Design Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of mental processes and behaviors

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2
Q

empiricism

A

the use of verifiable evidence as the basis for conclusions

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3
Q

theory

A

a statement that describes general principles about how variables relate

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

a statement of the result that researchers expect to observe

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5
Q

data

A

a set of observations representing the values of some variable

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6
Q

applied research

A

research whose goal is to find the solution to a real-world problem

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7
Q

basic research

A

research whose goal is to enhance knowledge without regard for direct application to practical problems

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8
Q

translational research

A

research that uses knowledge derived from basic research to test solutions to real-world problems

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9
Q

journal

A

a monthly periodical containing peer-reviewed articles on an academic discipline

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10
Q

journalism

A

news and commentary published or broadcast in the popular media

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11
Q

falsifiable

A

it is possible for collected data to be wrong

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12
Q

what is an example of being a consumer of research as a student?

A

attending a student research symposium or academic conference

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13
Q

describe the difference between basic and applied research

A

basic and applied research aim to achieve different objectives

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14
Q

what is the relationship between hypotheses and theories

A

hypotheses test the accuracy of a theory

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15
Q

why do scientific journals use peer review

A

to ensure the research published meets high quality standards

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16
Q

what is the difference between articles published in scientific journals and journalistic articles

A

journal articles are written by scientist while journalistic articles aren’t

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17
Q

when should you be cautious about the reliability of someones advice

A

when they base their recommendations solely on their personal experiences

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18
Q

which is the first section of an empirical journal article

A

abstract

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19
Q

for a comprehensive overview of the impact of diet on heart attack risk? which scientific source would be best?

A

meta-analysis

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20
Q

which two sections could you quickly read to get a summary of an article

A

the abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion

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21
Q

name a way that the scientific reasoner is different from the intuitive thinker

A

they create comparison groups and use systematic research

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22
Q

what is an example of an association claim

A

owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction

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23
Q

stefan wants to establish a causal relationship in his dissertation, what is necessary to do so

A

he must conduct an experiment

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24
Q

what is NOT a research claim

A

teens spend too much time texting and driving

25
Q

what did NOT occur in the tuskegee study

A

participants in the study were infected with the disease

26
Q

according to the belmont report, which group is entitled to special protection

A

people with developmental disabilities

27
Q

what is NOT an example of coercion

A

offering extra credit for participation

28
Q

dr. kushner is considering using prisoners in his study, which member must be on the IRB reviewing his study

A

a prisoner advocate

29
Q

what are the three principles of the belmont report

A

-respect for others
-beneficence
-justice

30
Q

why is the producer role important

A

-coursework in psych
-for graduate school
-for working in a research lab

31
Q

why is the consumer role important

A

-for psychology courses
-when reading online news stories based on research
-for your future career

32
Q

how do scientists approach their work

A

-they’re empiricists
-they test theories
-they tackle applied and basic problems

33
Q

what are the four components of research vs. your experience

A

-experience has no comparison group
-experience is confounded
-research is better than experience
-research is probabilistic

34
Q

comparison group

A

enables us to compare what would happen both with and without the thing we are interested in

35
Q

what are confounds

A

alternative explanations for an outcome

36
Q

availability heuristic

A

things that pop up easily in our minds tend to guide our thinking

36
Q

present/present bias

A

when people incorrectly estimate the relationship between an event and its outcome, because they focus on when the event and outcome are present, but not when they aren’t

37
Q

confirmation bias

A

the tendency to consider only the evidence that supports a hypothesis

38
Q

bias/bias blind spot

A

the tendency for people to think that compared to others, they are less likely to engage in biased reasoning

39
Q

intuitive thinker vs. scientific reasoner

A

-we make mistakes when we base our reasoning on intuition rather than on empiricism
-researchers create comparison groups and look at all data

40
Q

components of an empirical journal article

A

-abstract
-introduction
-method
-results
-discussion
-references

41
Q

variable

A

something that varies, typically has two levels

42
Q

constant

A

something that could potentially vary but that has only one level in the study

43
Q

measured variable

A

one whose levels are simply observed and recorded

44
Q

manipulated variable

A

a variable a researcher controls

45
Q

conceptual variable

A

a variable of interest, stated at an abstract level

46
Q

operational variable

A

the way in which a concept of interest is measured or manipulated as a variable in a study

47
Q

frequency claim

A

describe a particular rate or degree of a single variable

48
Q

association claim

A

argues that one level of a variable is likely to be associated with a particular level of another variable

49
Q

causal claims

A

argues that one of the variables is responsible for changing the other

50
Q

construct validity

A

an indication of how well a variable was measured or manipulated in a study

51
Q

external validity

A

an indication of how well the results of a study generalize to or represent individuals or contexts besides those in the study itself

52
Q

statistical validity

A

the extent to which statistical conclusions derived from a study are accurate and reasonable

53
Q

covariance

A

the degree to which two variables go together

54
Q

temporal precedence

A

states that the proposed causal variable comes first in time

55
Q

what are some things that make an experiment unethical?

A

-being treated disrespectfully
-being harmed
-targeting disadvantaged groups

56
Q

beneficence

A

to comply with it, researchers must take precautions to protect participants from harm and ensure their well-being

57
Q

justice

A

Exams (10 decks)

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