Research

Question 0

Demand characteristics

Answer 0

Unintentional cues in experimental environment that affect results if the study

Question 1

Hawthorne effect

Answer 1

Occurs when research subjects act differently bc of the novelty of the situation and the special attention they receive

Question 2

Carryover effects

Answer 2

Occur in repeated measures designs when the effects of one to have an impact on the effects of subsequent txs.

Question 3

Cross-sectional research design

Answer 3

2 or more different age groups are compared to determine whether aging has an effect on a particular dependent variable

Question 4

Cohort effects

Answer 4

Common problem with cross-sectional designs that refers to the difference in the experiences between the two groups

Question 5

Excessive variability in a behavior targeted by a study poses greatest threat to which research design?

Answer 5

Single subject

Question 6

When do you use the Pearson r?

Answer 6

When determining the strength of a correlation between 2 variables that are measured on a interval or ratio scale

Question 7

When the range of scores is restricted in a study the correlation/reliability coefficient will be affected in what direction

Answer 7

Lower

Question 8

What is protocol analysis?

Answer 8

“Think aloud” technique: subjects are instructed to verbalize their thoughts in a manner that doesn’t alter the sequence of thought mediating the completion of a task

Question 9

Functional analysis

Answer 9

Used to identify the function of a behavior-antecedents and consequences

Question 10

Event sampling

Answer 10

Used for behavior that occurs infrequently

Question 11

Situation sampling

Answer 11

Used for observing behavior Ina variety of situations

Question 12

Cluster sampling

Answer 12

Randomly selecting naturally occurring groups in the population and then selecting participants from within the selected clusters

Question 13

Stratified sampling

Answer 13

Involves dividing a population into subsets (age, race, etc.) and then randomly selecting participants from each stratum.

Question 14

Systematic sampling

Answer 14

Every nth member (every 10th) of a target population is selected

Question 15

External validity refer to the studies…

Answer 15

Generalizability. Beyond time setting and subjects.

Question 16

Eta

Answer 16

A correlation coefficient used for non-linear or curvilinear relationships

Question 17

Regression analysis

Answer 17

A method used to estimate the value of one variable based on the value of another variable

Question 18

Structural modeling

Answer 18

A variety of techniques based on correlations between multiple variables

Question 19

Confidence intervals are used to

Answer 19

Determine the range within which a true score in a test is likely to fall, given the obtained score .

Question 20

Difference between MANOVA and Discriminant function analysis

Answer 20

MANOVA - the IV are the groups and the DV are the predictors. Used to analyze the effects of one or more IVs on two or more DVs that are each measured on ratio or interval data

DA is used to determine which continuous variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups or to provide insights into how each predictor (grades, GRE score) influence graduate school completion.

Question 21

Mixed research design

Answer 21

One between subjects IV an at least one repeated measures variable (within-subjects variable)

Question 22

The major threat to internal validity of a time-series quasi-expert is?

Answer 22

History

Question 23

Parametric vs. nonparametric statistical tests

Answer 23

Parametric tests assume that the data is normally distributed and are used to estimate population parameters. Provide more accurate and precise results than nonparametric tests.

Nonparametric tests do not make assumptions about and do not attempt to estimate papilla ton parameters.

Question 24

What is ecological fallacy

Answer 24

A logic error that occurs when trying to prove causation

Question 25

What is Tautology?

Answer 25

A logic error based in circular reasoning

Question 26

Teleology

Answer 26

A logic error which explains a phenomenon by saying that it was some spirit or higher power

Question 27

Latent coding

Answer 27

Occurs when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content of the data rather than simply taking it at face value

Question 28

The difference between the point biserial correlation coefficient and the biserial coefficient

Answer 28

The point biserial is used when a dichotomous variable is correlated with a continuous variable an the biserial is used with an artificial dichotomy - created arbitrarily by setting a cutoff score on a test.