reproductive sytem

Question 1

what is the structure and function of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

function
- production, muturartion and storage of sperm (spermatozoa)
- delivery of sperm in semen into the female reproductive tract

structure
- testes = this consists of a series of lobules, each contains seminiferous tubules supported by interstitial tissue
- the epididymites
- the penis
- ducts and glands which produce and carry semen

Question 2

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 2

• the process which haploid sperm develops from germ cellls in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Question 3

the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in males

Answer 3

1. th hypothalamus releases GnRH, this stimulates the anterior pituatory to release FSH and LH
2. LH stimulates the leydig cells to release testosterone.
3. FSH stimulates the sertoli cells to release ABP then this ABP binds to the testosterone keeping the latter at a high concerntration

Question 4

what is st testosterone

Answer 4

it is produced in the gonads by the leydig cells in the testes and the ovaries for women, and small amounts in the adrenal glands for both

• tetstorone is an androgen
  for both genders this helps with bone density, muscle development, puberty, red blood cell production and sex desires

testosterone helps with
- maintenance of sperm
- develops male characteristics
- bone growth
- sex drive

Question 5

what si the structure and function of the female reproductive system

Answer 5

function
- formation of ova
- reception of sperm
- creating suitable environments for fertilisation
- childbirth
lactation

structure
it consists of
- ovaries - which produces an egg (ova) each month and produces hormones such as oestrogen
- fallopian tubes - they catch the oocyte when released from the ovaries, fertilisation takes place there and they sweep the zygote into the uterus
- uterus = where implantation takes place, space and nourishment for the baby, expands in size during pregnancy
- vagina = receive sperm from penis during sex, exit for men’s trail flow, birth canal

Question 6

what are the stages of the reproductive cycle and what occurs in each stag

Answer 6

1. follicular phase - LH and FSH stimulate several follicles to grow
   these follicles produce low levels of oestradiol that inhibit GnRH secretion which keep the LH and FSH low high causes the endometrial artiest to constrict which causes period
2. ovulation - LH and FSH mature one of the growing follicles this then produces high levels of oestradiol which stimulates GnRH secretion so the LH and FSH levels rise, then the endometrium thickens
3. luteal phase - the LH stimulates the growth of corpus letterman from follicles which was left behind after ovulation. the corpus luteum secretes oestradiol and progesterone that block the GnRH production by the hypothalamus and the LH and FSH by the pituataty. this causes the endometrium to further develop

Question 7

what is the mode of action for oestrogen and its role

Answer 7

• activation of oesterogen receptors mainly in the uterus vagina dn breast, when they bind they trigger nuclear transcription

roles
- stimulate music production in the cervix
- stimulate mid cycle release of LH
- negative feed back o pituitary gland to inhibit FSH and LH

Question 8

what is the mode of action and role of progesterone

Answer 8

mode of action
- it binds to the progesterone receptors which result in gene transcription

roles
- prepares the wall of the uterus to accept a fertalized egg
- inhibits muscular contraction og the underused that m,at inhibit the implantation of the egg
- stimulates the development og glands in the breast that are responsible for milk production

Question 9

what are some disorders of menstration

Answer 9

• amenorrhea= abscence of period
• polymenorrhea - cycle lasting less than 21 days

oligomenorrhae - cycle lasting more than 35 days

dysmenorrhea - painful period

menorrhagia - abnormally prolonged period and increased blood loss