cell strcuture Flashcards
structure and function of the nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- nuclear pore
- chromatin condensed
- cisternae
- chromosome territories
- contains genetic information
- site for rna synthesis
what is the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum
- nuclear envelope
- nuclear pore
- vesicles
- lipid synthesis
- detoxification (liver cells)
- calcium storage (muscle cells)
- synthesis of proteins
what is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus
- further processing secreted proteins
- sorts proteins and directs localisation
- vesicles allow communication
- lysosome formation
what are lysosome
- membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes called hydrolases
- digest materials by phagocytosis
- endocytosis
- ## autophagy
what are vacuoles
- found in plant cells
- used for storage of fluid and nutrients and waste products
what is endomembrane components
- these include
- nuclear envelope
- endoplasmic reticulum rough and smoothn
- golgi apparatus
- transport vesicles
- lysosome
- vacuole
these structure help to modify package and transport lipids and proteins
what is the structure and function of peroxisomes
- lipid bi layer
- plasma membrane
- crystalline core
they catalyse the reaction to convert hydrogen peroxide into water + oxygen
they are in the liver and kidney
what is the structure and function of mitochondria
- double membrane bound organelles
- has a matrix, cristae, dna, ribosomes, granules, and atp synthesis particles
- generates energy by creating atp source of chemical energy
- visible unless stained
- has its own dna
what is the function of the cell membrane
- divides the cells
- protects the cells
- controls movement of molecules
- permits cells recognictopn
- provides communication with surrounding cells
the organelles and disease
nucleus - mutations occur
golgi apparatus - alzheimer’s disease- beta amyloid peptidesz activates enzymes that modify golgi structural protein neurones
parkinson’s disease
lysosomal storage disease - autosomal recessive disease leadin to insufficient GAA enzymes responsible for degrading glycogen
