reproductive system

Question 1

What hormone is released by the corpus luteum? The corpus luteum is a structure within the ovary that comes from a change in the follicular/granulosa cells.

Answer 1

progesterone

Question 2

What happens in the menstrual phase (First 4 days) of the uterine cycle?

Answer 2

Endometrium lining of the uterus is disintegrated so bleeds occurs

Question 3

what are the effects of GnRH?

Answer 3

before pubery, pulse generation of GnRH –> LH and FH from pituitary.

OESTGOEN establishment of female secondary sexual characteristics., regulates the development of the endometrium, ova maturation and release

Question 4

Which hormones stimulates the release of the oocyte (ovulation)?

Answer 4

lutenising hormone (LH). This expels oocyte into uterine tube

Question 5

If the patient is not pregnant, which of these will NOT happen?….
A After 10 days the corpus luteum degenerates
B Progesterone and oestrogen levels drop
C FSH and LH rise as no longer inhibited by progesterone (and oestrogen)
D HcG prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating

Answer 5

OPTION D PLS
HcG prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating if you ARE pregnant
> the rest of them do happen! corpus luteum to corpus albican : yellow —> white

Question 6

As the follicle is growing, the amount of oestrogen in the blood stream is
A increasing
B decreasing
C stays the same/unaffected

Answer 6

increasing as oestrogen helps with follicle development

Question 7

What is the names of the two hormones that inhibit FSH in the follicular stage of the Ovarian cycle?

Answer 7

Inhibin and oestrogen

Question 8

In which stage of follicular development does the oocyte produce the zona pellucida?

Answer 8

the primary follicle produces ZP and this happens after puberty the change from primordial to primary
> still one layer but thicc and cuboidal and bigger in appearce

Question 9

What is the term used for external fertilisation where you give birth to live young and there is a placenta?
A oviparous
B viviparous
C ovoviviparous

Answer 9

viviparous, (oviparous is egg and ovoviviparous is a mix)

Question 10

There are two types of infertility, primary (ovary tissue)?? and secondary. What is secondary infertility?

Answer 10

problems with hypothalamus of anterior pituitary so the ovaries cannot be stimulated to do their job.

Question 11

what occurs during the luteal stage? (hormone wise)

Answer 11

high oestrogen in follicular phase stimulate anterior pirutiary to produce lots of LH (LH surge) = ovulation

‘corpus luteum’ produces Progesterone (and oestrogen) inhibit LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary. They are supressed because you dont want to ovulate anymore in case both eggs are fertilised.

Question 12

In the male reproductive system, which hormone has a positive feedback system with Sertoli cells to release androgen binding protein to stimulate spermatogenesis?

Answer 12

FSH. Sertoli also releases inhibin to regulate sperm production.
>leyydig is LH

Question 13

In the follicular stage of the Ovarian cycle, FSH and LH rise at the beginning due to GnRH release. Rising FSH and LH stimulate oestrogen release from developing follicle. What does the rising levels of oestrogen inhibit?

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

What is the name of the follicles that : have an oocyte surrounded by single layer of squamous cells and enclosed by a single layer of flattened follicular/granulosa cells and basal lamina?
A secondary follicle
B tertiary follicle
C corpus luteum
D primordial follicle
E primary follicle

Answer 14

primoridal follicle

Question 15

how does androgen binding protein work to stimulate spematogeneis?

Answer 15

that binds to testosterone (that is released from the Leydig cells stimulated by LH) in order to stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 16

Do the number of oocytes increase during a lifetime?

Answer 16

No. Not possible to increase.

Oocytes are made via ooogenesis

Question 17

How does the strcutrie of primordial and primary follicles differ?

Answer 17

Primary follicles have a thicker follicular layer and have a cuboid layer instead of squamous
> still one layer though just THICC
> also ZP is made!

Question 18

In the tertiary follcille, what does the ‘corona radiata’ do?
A provide oocyte with structural support
B provide oocyte with nutrition
C up regulates the release of progesterone from follicular cells
D allow ZP to be stabilised

Answer 18

OPTION B
provides oocyte wrih nutrition ready for OVULATION!

uterine milk by corpusluteum provides correct environemnt for embryo

Question 19

Where is the site of fertilisation in the uterine tube?
A fibriae
B intramural
C ampulla
D infundibulum
E isthmus

Answer 19

Option C

The ampulla! This is the widest part and most convulated part of uterine tube

Question 20

How does oestrogen influence the lining of the uterine tubule

Answer 20

The cilia beat rate increases in response to oestrogen.

> also Peg cells that have watery secretion to nourish the gamete

Question 21

What is the advantage of having a duplex uterus? (in rodents)

Answer 21

more offspring!

Cows have bipartate (spetum in uterus) anatomy

Question 22

What is the ‘broad ligament’

Answer 22

The peritoneum covering of uterus
> parametrium is visceral peritoneum
>endometrium is layer that sheds/zygote embeds
> myometrium is smooth muscle

Question 23

Name changes in ovulation and fertilisation

Answer 23

Tertiary follicle - - - corpus luteum - - - corpus albican

Blastocyst - - - embryo

Question 24

How does oestrogen work? (works by postive feedback)

Answer 24

> It stimulates lots of LH (triggering luteal/ovulation)
AUTOCRINE signalling on follicles to release more oestrogen
inhibits FH

Question 25

What does hCG dooo

Answer 25

Stops Corpus luteum from degenerating so endometrium remains

Progesterone levels remain high

Question 26

Hormone jingle!

Answer 26

Oestrogen thickk

Progesterone maintains

Question 27

which hormone and layer of the uterus is invovled in Parturition ?

Answer 27

Myometroum contracts to expel foetus
> smooth muscle contracts to provide force for childbirth
> oxytocin can help with muscle contraction (and stretch receptors and also increase oxytocin release

Question 28

in the female reporductive system, what are hte effects of adrenal androgens?

Answer 28

estabilshemnt of auxillary hairs (pubic hairs) , growth spurts

Question 29

Which is not a phase of endometrium development?
menstrual phase
proliferative phase
progestational phase
fertilisation phase

Answer 29

OPTION D
menstruation - endometrium lining disintegrates as fertilisation no occur.
proliferative - endometrium lining thickens again due to oestrogen production, the uterine gland develops but does not produce anything.
progestational/secretory - corpus luteum forms and progesteron secreted, stimulates production of uterine milk from the uterine gland high in protein and glycogen giving the correct environment for embryo should fertilisation occur.

Question 30

What causes masculination of genitalia in mammals in utero?
A Testosterone	
B Androgen	
C Oestrogen	
D Cortisol	
E Adrenaline

Answer 30

OPTION B
oestrogen for femail genitalia
androgen for male genitalia

Question 31

What are the cells in the corpus albicans replaced by?
A Collagen
B Epithelia
C Osteocytes
D Follicular cells
E Infundibulum

Answer 31

OPTION A
albican replaced by collahen scar tissue
luteum has lots of fat so has yellow appearance

Question 32

Which is not a function of oestrogen?
A Establishment of secondary sexual characteristics
B Transport of sperm to the fertilisation site
C Maintains the endometrium
D Contribute to breast development in anticipation of lactation

Answer 32

OPTION C

this is progesterone!!