reproductive system Flashcards
What hormone is released by the corpus luteum? The corpus luteum is a structure within the ovary that comes from a change in the follicular/granulosa cells.
progesterone
What happens in the menstrual phase (First 4 days) of the uterine cycle?
Endometrium lining of the uterus is disintegrated so bleeds occurs
what are the effects of GnRH?
before pubery, pulse generation of GnRH –> LH and FH from pituitary.
OESTGOEN establishment of female secondary sexual characteristics., regulates the development of the endometrium, ova maturation and release
Which hormones stimulates the release of the oocyte (ovulation)?
lutenising hormone (LH). This expels oocyte into uterine tube
If the patient is not pregnant, which of these will NOT happen?….
A After 10 days the corpus luteum degenerates
B Progesterone and oestrogen levels drop
C FSH and LH rise as no longer inhibited by progesterone (and oestrogen)
D HcG prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating
OPTION D PLS
HcG prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating if you ARE pregnant
> the rest of them do happen! corpus luteum to corpus albican : yellow —> white
As the follicle is growing, the amount of oestrogen in the blood stream is
A increasing
B decreasing
C stays the same/unaffected
increasing as oestrogen helps with follicle development
What is the names of the two hormones that inhibit FSH in the follicular stage of the Ovarian cycle?
Inhibin and oestrogen
In which stage of follicular development does the oocyte produce the zona pellucida?
the primary follicle produces ZP and this happens after puberty the change from primordial to primary
> still one layer but thicc and cuboidal and bigger in appearce
What is the term used for external fertilisation where you give birth to live young and there is a placenta?
A oviparous
B viviparous
C ovoviviparous
viviparous, (oviparous is egg and ovoviviparous is a mix)
There are two types of infertility, primary (ovary tissue)?? and secondary. What is secondary infertility?
problems with hypothalamus of anterior pituitary so the ovaries cannot be stimulated to do their job.
what occurs during the luteal stage? (hormone wise)
high oestrogen in follicular phase stimulate anterior pirutiary to produce lots of LH (LH surge) = ovulation
‘corpus luteum’ produces Progesterone (and oestrogen) inhibit LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary. They are supressed because you dont want to ovulate anymore in case both eggs are fertilised.
In the male reproductive system, which hormone has a positive feedback system with Sertoli cells to release androgen binding protein to stimulate spermatogenesis?
FSH. Sertoli also releases inhibin to regulate sperm production.
>leyydig is LH
In the follicular stage of the Ovarian cycle, FSH and LH rise at the beginning due to GnRH release. Rising FSH and LH stimulate oestrogen release from developing follicle. What does the rising levels of oestrogen inhibit?
FSH
What is the name of the follicles that : have an oocyte surrounded by single layer of squamous cells and enclosed by a single layer of flattened follicular/granulosa cells and basal lamina? A secondary follicle B tertiary follicle C corpus luteum D primordial follicle E primary follicle
primoridal follicle
how does androgen binding protein work to stimulate spematogeneis?
that binds to testosterone (that is released from the Leydig cells stimulated by LH) in order to stimulate spermatogenesis
Do the number of oocytes increase during a lifetime?
No. Not possible to increase.
Oocytes are made via ooogenesis
How does the strcutrie of primordial and primary follicles differ?
Primary follicles have a thicker follicular layer and have a cuboid layer instead of squamous
> still one layer though just THICC
> also ZP is made!
In the tertiary follcille, what does the ‘corona radiata’ do?
A provide oocyte with structural support
B provide oocyte with nutrition
C up regulates the release of progesterone from follicular cells
D allow ZP to be stabilised
OPTION B
provides oocyte wrih nutrition ready for OVULATION!
uterine milk by corpusluteum provides correct environemnt for embryo
Where is the site of fertilisation in the uterine tube? A fibriae B intramural C ampulla D infundibulum E isthmus
Option C
The ampulla! This is the widest part and most convulated part of uterine tube
How does oestrogen influence the lining of the uterine tubule
The cilia beat rate increases in response to oestrogen.
> also Peg cells that have watery secretion to nourish the gamete
What is the advantage of having a duplex uterus? (in rodents)
more offspring!
Cows have bipartate (spetum in uterus) anatomy
What is the ‘broad ligament’
The peritoneum covering of uterus
> parametrium is visceral peritoneum
>endometrium is layer that sheds/zygote embeds
> myometrium is smooth muscle
Name changes in ovulation and fertilisation
Tertiary follicle - - - corpus luteum - - - corpus albican
Blastocyst - - - embryo
How does oestrogen work? (works by postive feedback)
> It stimulates lots of LH (triggering luteal/ovulation)
AUTOCRINE signalling on follicles to release more oestrogen
inhibits FH
What does hCG dooo
Stops Corpus luteum from degenerating so endometrium remains
Progesterone levels remain high
Hormone jingle!
Oestrogen thickk
Progesterone maintains
which hormone and layer of the uterus is invovled in Parturition ?
Myometroum contracts to expel foetus
> smooth muscle contracts to provide force for childbirth
> oxytocin can help with muscle contraction (and stretch receptors and also increase oxytocin release
in the female reporductive system, what are hte effects of adrenal androgens?
estabilshemnt of auxillary hairs (pubic hairs) , growth spurts
Which is not a phase of endometrium development? menstrual phase proliferative phase progestational phase fertilisation phase
OPTION D
menstruation - endometrium lining disintegrates as fertilisation no occur.
proliferative - endometrium lining thickens again due to oestrogen production, the uterine gland develops but does not produce anything.
progestational/secretory - corpus luteum forms and progesteron secreted, stimulates production of uterine milk from the uterine gland high in protein and glycogen giving the correct environment for embryo should fertilisation occur.
What causes masculination of genitalia in mammals in utero? A Testosterone B Androgen C Oestrogen D Cortisol E Adrenaline
OPTION B
oestrogen for femail genitalia
androgen for male genitalia
What are the cells in the corpus albicans replaced by? A Collagen B Epithelia C Osteocytes D Follicular cells E Infundibulum
OPTION A
albican replaced by collahen scar tissue
luteum has lots of fat so has yellow appearance
Which is not a function of oestrogen?
A Establishment of secondary sexual characteristics
B Transport of sperm to the fertilisation site
C Maintains the endometrium
D Contribute to breast development in anticipation of lactation
OPTION C
this is progesterone!!
