im nervous Flashcards
Photoreceptors are cells that absorb light. The Rhabdomere line is the photoreceptive membranes derived from the cell body. Which of these is NOT an example of an animal that would be found of the Rhabdomere line? A Segmented worms B Flat worms C Snails D jellyfish
OPTION D PLEASE
jellyfish are found in the ciliary line. The photoreceptive part of the cell is derived from a modified cilium.
rhabdomere is for invertebrate systems but jellyfish are built different
What is the role in control of movement of the basal ganglia?
A planning of voluntary information
B enhance desired movements and inhibit unwanted movements
C Relays sensory information to cortex and motor information to Lower motor neurones
D Coordinating motor outputs
E Relays sensory information to cerebral cortex
OPTION B PLEASE
enhance desired movements and inhibit unwanted movements
a-cortex
c-brainstem
d-cerebellum
e-thalamus
Coelenterates (cnidaria+ctenophores) have a nerve net that is characterized by
A simple and with a controlling center that permits movement in the water
B complex and with a controlling center that permits movement in the water
C simple and with no controlling center that permits movement in the water
D Action potentials are unidirectional
E None of the above
OPTION C PLEASE
simple and with no controlling center that permits movement in the water
ACTION POTENTIASL ARE BI DIRECTIONAL! and no axon/dendrite polarity
Evolution of bilateral symmetry leads to cephalisation. Which of these is NOT a consequence of cephalisation?
A Increase in the number of nerve cells
B Concentration of nerve cells into ganglia; ganglia into brains, nerves into nerve cords.
C Development of functional speciality
D No localisation of specific functions in different parts of the nervous system
E development of a ventral nerve cord
OPTION D PLEASES
Cephalisation (head and brain development) DOES lead to localisation of specific functions in different parts of the nervous system
What is Not true regarding the free nerve endings of the skin ?
E Naked ending is responsible for pain and temperature
A Merkel’s endings sustained pressure - detailed mapping of texture and shape (slow adapting)
B Meissner’s ending sustained pressure - detailed mapping of texture and shape (slow adapting)
C Pacinian corpuscle is responsible for vibration
D Ruffini ending is responsible for shear stress
OPTION B PLEASE
Meissner’s ending touch – brief response, effective for transient contact (rapid adapting)
> merkel pronouned slooowly
Where are somata (cell bodies) found in sensory neurones? A central nervous system B dorsal root ganglia C lateral root ganglia D swann cell E axon terminal
OPTION B PLEASE
Somata (cell bodies) are found in the dorsal root ganglia of sensory neurones.
> key word SENSORY as that is ascending pathway
What is the central nervous system made of?
A cranial and spinal nerves
B brain and spinal cord
C organs (viscera)
OPTION B PLEASE
What is the term for the mapping of the body within the spinal cord?
somatotopy
> helps keep order of sensory systems in invertebrates so organisation of synpatic conections are more efficient
Echinoderms have a nervous system characterized by
A central and with a large ganglia complex
B radial and with a large ganglia complex
C radial and with no ganglia
D bilateral and ganglia
E segmented and segmental ganglia
OPTION C
radial and with no ganglia (modified net network)
Annelids have segmented nervous system and segmental ganglia that controls the individual segments.
Planarians have bilateral nervous system, with ganglia, brains and nerve cords.
What is the name of the tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres? A Corpus callosum B Corpus luteum C Corpus uteri D Corpus albicans
OPTION A PLEASE
Corpus callosum is white matter (tract is made up of myelinated axons)
Which of these is NOT a descending pathway? A Corticospinal tract B Extrapyramidal motor system C Dorsal column D Pyramidal tract
OPTION C PLEASE
Dorsal column is an ascending tract. Its involved in vibration, proprioception, fine touch
What is the front of the spinal chord defined by? A Grey commissure B Anterior white collumn C Anterior (ventral) median fissure D Lateral white collumn
OPTION C PLEASE
Anterior (ventral) median fissure
Which of these best describes the nervous system of coelenterates (eg: jellyfish)?
A Have complex nerve systems with a central nervous system
B Has a controlling centre with a simple nerve net
C Has a simple nerve net without a central nervous system
D Action potentials can be conducted in one direction only.
E They have radial symmetry.
OPTION C PLEASE
Has a simple nerve net without a central nervous system
THIS permits movement of the body and tentacles in water.
Which of these is NOT an example of white matter? A Myelinated axons B Internal capsule C Corpus callosum D dendrites
OPTION D
cell bodies and dendrites are GREY MATTER
what best defines exoreceptors?
A sensory endings that monitor interactions with the external environment
B sensory endings that monitor interactions with the internal environment
C These endings in the capsule and the supporting ligaments of joints give sensations of pain and discomfort when the joint is moved beyond its range of normal movement
D Receptors monitoring muscles and joints
E Receptors found on the exoskeleton
OPTION a
Name 3 parts of the cerebellum that evolved during transition of vertebrates onto land?
A Cerebrocerebellum
Vestibulocerebelllum
Neocerebellum
B Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
Neocerebellum
C Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
Paleocerebellum
OPTION B
Spinocerebellum: involved with raising body off the ground
Vestibulocerebellum: involved with balance
Neocerebellum: involved with motor coordination
which of these statements are false?
A cortex is involved in conveying sensory information to facilitate movement
B spinothalamic pathway is an ascending neuronal pathway
C stretch receptors are the sense organs for knee jerk reflex
D in knee jerk reflex, the extensor muscle contracts
E the flexor/crossed extensor reflex is polysynaptic
OPTION A PLEASE
the cortex is involved in planning of voluntary movements
> the thalamus conveys sensory information
parasympthathetic outflow from CNS is distributed through how many cranial nerves?
4 cranial nerves!
which of the following is NOT a physiological response controlled by Autonomic NS? A sweating B shivering C picking up food D iris constricting E heart rate increasing
OPTION C
Autonimic NS is for involuntary movement and picking up food is the only option here that isn’t that!
Which of the following brain regions is PRIMARILY involved in coordination of motor output? A brainstem B cerebellum C basal ganglia D cortex E thalamus
This is the cerebellum!! Helps with balance and forces of contractiion
> cereBellum Balance
What is the typanic membrane?
A Thin circular layer of tissue commonly known as the ear drum and vibrates as sound reaches it.
B Part of the cochlea that transmitts frequencies across the basilar membrane
C Part of the organ of Corti which causes hair cells to vibrate and transmit signals to the thalmus.
OPTION A
option C is the tectorial membrane
Molluscan nervous system: name the 4 types of ganglia in the brain of molluscs
Buccal - feeding Cerebral - coordination Pleural - respire Pedal - movement visceral - organ > molluscs non-segmented NS
What does the M-neurone do?
this is called the Mauthner neuron
- It receives sensory input (vibration etc) from the lateral line to generates unilateral muscle contraction
> In all bony fish, the M-neurone allows a rapid ‘startle response/rapid swimming.
Which organisms do not have nerve nets? A Echinoderms B Jellyfish C Coelenterates D Earthworms E Corals
OPTION D
Nerve nets are mesh work made up of neurons with cell bodies and processes and allow for slow and partly coordinated movement The action potential can be conducted bidirectionally and they have no controlling centre that permits the movement of tentacles in the water. Jellyfish have more complex nerve nets which allows for more coordinated movement, some synaptic connections are unipolar and they have some classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate.
