Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the 4 hormones associated with the menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

estrogen
progesterone
luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone

Question 2

coitus

Answer 2

sexual intercourse

Question 3

gamete

Answer 3

mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

Question 4

hymen

Answer 4

membrane that partially closes the opening of the vagina and whose presence is traditionally taken to be a mark of virginity

Question 5

myometrium

Answer 5

muscular layer of the uterus

Question 6

neonatology

Answer 6

study of the newborn

Question 7

puberty

Answer 7

period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction

Question 8

intrauterine device (IUD)

Answer 8

abbreviated as IUD; contraceptive device fitted inside the uterus and physically preventing the implantation of fertilized ova

Question 9

tuba ligation

Answer 9

surgical procedure for female sterilization that involves severing and tying the fallopian tubes

Question 10

ovarian folicle

Answer 10

also known as Graafian follicle, structure in the ovary containing a maturing ovum

Question 11

corpus luteum

Answer 11

hormone-secreting structure developing in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun

Question 12

functional layer

Answer 12

collection of endometrial tissue developing every month - either sloughed during the menstrual cycle or becomes tissue layer in which fertilezed ovum implants itself signaling start of pregnancy

Question 13

ovulation

Answer 13

release of mature ovum from ovarian surface - occurs every month during female reproductive years

Question 14

menstrual period

Answer 14

time during female sexual cycle during which endometrial functional layer is shed if fertilization has not ocurred

Question 15

menarche

Answer 15

first menstrual cycle

Question 16

premenstrual syndrome

Answer 16

complex of symptoms (emotional lability, craving for certain foods, fluid retention evidenced by breast tenderness and slight abdominal edema) experienced by some women in the days immediately prior to menstruation

Question 17

dysmenorrhea

Answer 17

pain or discomfort during the menstrual cycle related to abdominal cramping

Question 18

menorrhagia

Answer 18

extremely heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 19

contraception

Answer 19

measure taken to prevent pregnancy

Question 20

chorion

Answer 20

outermost membrane surrounding an embryo - contributes to formation of placenta

Question 21

amnion

Answer 21

innermost membrane enclosing embryo

Question 22

umbilical cord

Answer 22

long flexible structure containing blood vessels - attaches fetus to placenta during pregnancy

Question 23

placenta

Answer 23

falttened circular organ in uterus of pregnant female that provides nourishment and maintains fetus via umbilical cord

Question 24

amniotic fluid

Answer 24

protective liquid contained in amniotic sac during pregnancy

Question 25

cephalic presentation

Answer 25

babe born head first

Question 26

breech presentation

Answer 26

babe born in position that is not head first

Question 27

neonate

Answer 27

newborn babe

Question 28

multiple gestation

Answer 28

pregnancy with more than one fetus

Question 29

IVF

Answer 29

in vitro fertilization - medical procedure whereby an ovum is fertilized by sperm in a test tube or elsewhere outside the body

Question 30

ART

Answer 30

assisted reproductive technology including IVF, hormone therapy, surrogate pregnancy

Question 31

amnioncentesis

Answer 31

procedure performed during pregnancy - small sample of amniotic fluid removed via needle inserted into gravid uterus - fluid analyzed to determine fetal gender or genetic abnormalities

Question 32

chorionic villus sampling

Answer 32

early pregnancy procedure that detects fetal congenital abnormalities - tissue sample taken from villi of the chorion

Question 33

carcinoma in situ

Answer 33

abnormal cells that often turn malignant and metastasize

Question 34

dysplasia

Answer 34

presence of abnormal cells which may signify a stage preceding development of cancer

Question 35

prophylaxis

Answer 35

prevention of pregnancy - “birth control”

Question 36

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 36

widespread infection of female reproductive tract and surrounding tissues - usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from vagina to uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries

Question 37

sentinel node biopsy

Answer 37

surgical procedure determining if cancer has spread beyond primary tumor into lymphatic system - most commonly in evaluating breast; sentinel nodes are the first few lymph nodes into which a tumour metastasizes

Question 38

Down’s syndrome

Answer 38

also known as Trisomy 21; congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect resulting in constellation of intellectual and physical abnormalities - chromosomes which normally occur in pairs develops a third one

Question 39

pelvic exenteration

Answer 39

radical surgical treatment involving removal of all pelvic organs including urinary bladder, urethra, rectum and anus - necessitates permanent colostomy and urinary diversion

Question 40

toxic shock syndrome

Answer 40

abbreviated as TSS; rare but life-threatning systemic bacterial infection; caused by staphylococcal bacteria, seen in females using tampons or post-surgery

Question 41

metrorrhagia

Answer 41

uterine bleeding not associated with menstruation