Renal System

Question 1

stress incontinence

Answer 1

unintentional loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, lifting or other physical activity

Question 2

polydipsia

Answer 2

excessive thirst

Question 3

hyponatremia

Answer 3

low serum sodium

Question 4

hypernatremia

Answer 4

high serum sodium

Question 5

hypokalemia

Answer 5

low serum potassium

Question 6

hyperkalemia

Answer 6

high serum potassium

Question 7

nocturia

Answer 7

need to urinate at night

Question 8

enuresis

Answer 8

bed wetting

Question 9

ketones

Answer 9

acidic by-product produced during incomplete metabolism of fats and proteins

Question 10

ketonuria

Answer 10

presence of ketones in urine

Question 11

glycosuria

Answer 11

presence of sugar in urine

Question 12

hydronephrosis

Answer 12

distension and dilation of renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by urinary retention due to blocked ureters or a bladder neck obstruction

Question 13

nephrostomy

Answer 13

surgical opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for urinary diversion from the kidney

Question 14

diabetic nephropathy

Answer 14

chronic loss of renal function secondary to vascular damage due to diabetes mellitus

Question 15

meatus

Answer 15

an external opening leading into the interior of the body e. g. urinaty meatus is the external opening to the urethra

Question 16

specific gravity

Answer 16

measurement of concentration of solutes to water in a solution e. g. urine

Question 17

PKU phenylketonuria

Answer 17

rare genetic error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of an amino acid called phenylalanine - untreated PKU leads to diminished cognitive capacity, blood test performed at birth to diagnosis the disorder

Question 18

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 18

abbreviated as DI; caused by a lack of ADH or renal inability to respond to ADH

Question 19

ADH/ vasopressin

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone; hormone produced by posterior pituitary gland that maintains water balance in the body

Question 20

cystoscopy

Answer 20

viewing the urinaty bladder with a lighted instrument

Question 21

extracorporeal

Answer 21

outside of the body e. g. during hemodialysis, blood moving through the dialysis tubing and machine is extracorporeal

Question 22

AV fistula

Answer 22

anastomosisof a vein and artery - used for hemodialysis access

Question 23

catheterization

Answer 23

routine medical procedure that facilitates direct drainage of the urinary bladder by passing a long narrow tube through the urinary meatus and urethra and into the bladder