Renal System Flashcards
stress incontinence
unintentional loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, lifting or other physical activity
polydipsia
excessive thirst
hyponatremia
low serum sodium
hypernatremia
high serum sodium
hypokalemia
low serum potassium
hyperkalemia
high serum potassium
nocturia
need to urinate at night
enuresis
bed wetting
ketones
acidic by-product produced during incomplete metabolism of fats and proteins
ketonuria
presence of ketones in urine
glycosuria
presence of sugar in urine
hydronephrosis
distension and dilation of renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by urinary retention due to blocked ureters or a bladder neck obstruction
nephrostomy
surgical opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for urinary diversion from the kidney
diabetic nephropathy
chronic loss of renal function secondary to vascular damage due to diabetes mellitus
meatus
an external opening leading into the interior of the body e. g. urinaty meatus is the external opening to the urethra
specific gravity
measurement of concentration of solutes to water in a solution e. g. urine
PKU phenylketonuria
rare genetic error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of an amino acid called phenylalanine - untreated PKU leads to diminished cognitive capacity, blood test performed at birth to diagnosis the disorder
diabetes insipidus (DI)
abbreviated as DI; caused by a lack of ADH or renal inability to respond to ADH
ADH/ vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone; hormone produced by posterior pituitary gland that maintains water balance in the body
cystoscopy
viewing the urinaty bladder with a lighted instrument
extracorporeal
outside of the body e. g. during hemodialysis, blood moving through the dialysis tubing and machine is extracorporeal
AV fistula
anastomosisof a vein and artery - used for hemodialysis access
catheterization
routine medical procedure that facilitates direct drainage of the urinary bladder by passing a long narrow tube through the urinary meatus and urethra and into the bladder
