Reproductive System Flashcards
The most common symptom of a benign tumor of the uterus is
Abnormal uterine bleeding (menorrhagia)
When do benign tumors of the uterus tend to disappear
After menopause
They rarely become malignant
Myomectomy
Removal of fibroids without removal of the uterus
Via laparotomy, laparoscopy, or hysteroscopy
Dysmenorrhea
Extremely painful menstrual periods
Nursing assessment of benign tumors of uterus
Menorrhagia
Dysmenorrhea
Uterine enlargement
Low back and pelvic pain
GnRH
Benign tumor of uterus intervention.
Explain to pt regrowth will occur after the tx is stopped
A small loss in bone mass and changes in lipid levels may occur
Amenorrhea may occur
Women need to use condoms as only birth control method
Administration is by subcutaneous and IM injections
UAE
Benign tumor of uterus intervention
Do not drink alcohol, smoke, take aspirin, or anticoagulant meds 24 hours before procedure
Cramping will occur during injections of PVA into selected blood vessels
Post op- pelvic pain, fever, malaise, and nausea may be caused by acute fibroid degeneration
Afterwards can not use tampons or douce or have intercourse for at least 4 weeks
Uterine prolapse
Downward displacement of the uterus
Cystocele
The relaxation of the anterior vaginal wall with prolapse of the bladder
Rectocele
Is the relaxation of the posterior vaginal wall with prolapse of the rectum
Symptoms associated with uterine prolapse
Dysmenorrhea Pulling and dragging sensations in pelvis and back Dyspareunia Pressure, protrusions Fatigue Low back ache
Symptoms may worsen with prolonged standing or after inter course
Symptoms associated with Rectocele
Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Sense of pressure or need to defecate
Cancer of the cervix
Of cancers occurring in the cervix 95% are squamous cell in Origin
Some are directly linked to HPV
Women over the age of 21 should get yearly paps
Cancer of cervix is easily detected early by Pap test
Precursor to cancer of the cervix is dysphasia
Cancer of cervix is divided into 3 stages
First stage of cancer of the cervix
“Early dysplasia”
Laser therapy or cryosurgery is used to treat cervical cancer when the lesion is small and localized.
Radiation, conization, hysterectomy, or pelvic extenteration is used to treat invasive cancer
Chemotherapy is not useful for this type of cancer
Second stage of cancer of the cervix
“Early carcinoma”
Can be treated by hysterectomy and intracavity radiation
Third stage of cancer of the cervix
“Late carcinoma”
Tumor size and stage of invasion of surrounding tissues are greater.
Can be treated by external beam radiation along with hysterectomy, antineoplastic chemotherapy (limited use), and pelvic extenteration
Pelvic exenteration
A drastic surgical procedure where the uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, rectum, and bladder is removed in attempt to stop metastasis
Ovarian cancer
Cancer of the ovaries
Early diagnosis is difficult bc no useful screening tests exist
Malignant germ cell tumors most common in women between 20-40
Epithelial cancers occur most often in the perimenopausal age groups
Nursing assessment for ovarian cancer
Asymptomatic in early stages
Laparotomy is primary tool for diagnosis and staging of disease
Advanced clinical manifestations include: pelvic discomfort, low back and leg pain, weight change, abdominal pain, increased abdominal girth, nausea and vomiting, constipation, urinary frequency
Breast cancer
Cancer originating in the breast
Leading cause of cancer in women
Early detection is very important
Generally adenocarcinoma, originating in epithelial cells
Tumors tend to be found in upper outer quadrant of the breast and more often in left breast than right
The best time for a woman to do self Breast examination
Monthly, as soon as menstrual bleeding ceases
Nursing assessment of breast cancer
Hard lump Dimpling of skin retraction of nipple Alterations in contour of breast Changes in skin color Peau d orange Discharge of nipple Pain and ulceration
Testicular cancer
Cancer of the testes is the leading cause of death from cancer in males 15-35 years of age
If detected and treated early there is 90-100% chance of cure.
Men should do self exams once a month after a shower
Nursing assessment for testicular cancer
Early signs are subtle and usually go unnoticed
There is a feeling of heaviness or dragging sensation in lower abdomen and groin
There is a lump or swelling on the testicle
Late signs include: low back pain, weight loss, fatigue
Cancer of the prostate
Rarely occurs before age 40.
It’s asymptomatic if confined to gland
Symptoms of urinary obstruction
There will be elevated PSA. PSA tests should be done before DRE to avoid false positive readings
Benign tumors arising from the muscle tissue of the uterus are more common in black or white women?
Black
And also more common in women who have never been pregnant
