Drugs

Question 1

Rifampin (rifadin)

Answer 1

First line drug for tb

Side effects: hepatitis, GI disturbance,

ORANGE BODY SECRETIONS

Reduces effectiveness of birth control

Question 2

Pyrazinamide

Answer 2

First line drug for tb

Side effects: fever, skin rash, hyperuricemia, GI upset

Question 3

Rifapentine (priftin)

Answer 3

First line drug for TB

RED DISCOLORATION of body fluids and tissues

Many drug interactions

Question 4

Teaching for tb medication treatment

Answer 4

Drug therapy is usually 6 months or longer

Skipping doses can result in public hazard

Question 5

Erythropoietin (epogen)

Answer 5

Used due to anemia from decreased production of erythropoietin in end stage renal disease
Stimulates RBC production, increase Hgb and Hct levels.

Explain pelvic and limb pain should go away after 12 hours.
DO NOT SHAKE VIAL

Question 6

Signs of digoxin toxicity

Answer 6

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, visual disturbances, restlessness, headache, cardiac dysrhythmias, pulse

Question 7

Nitrates

Answer 7

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)

Used to tx angina attacks by reducing vascular resistance

Adv reactions: headache, flushing, dizziness, weakness, hypotension, nausea

Have client relax and keep medication out of light

Question 8

Beta blockers

Answer 8

Antianginal, antihypertensive,
Used as anginal prophylaxis, blocks sympathetic nervous system, slows down heart rate, lowers blood pressure, reduces O2 consumption during myocardial contraction

Adv reactions: fatigue, lethargy, bizarre dreams, sexual dysfunction, bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, wheezing

Monitor apical or radial hr daily. Monitor for decreased bp. Monitor for shortness of breath

Contraindicated for pts with: HF, bronchitis, asthma, COPD, or renal/hepatic insufficiency

Question 9

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 9

Anti anginal, antihypertensive
Many “dipines”

Used for anginal prophylaxis,decreases SA/AV nose conduction, inhibits calcium ion influx

Adv: dizziness, hypotension, fatigue headache, syncope, peripheral edema, hypokalemia, dysrhythmia, HF, gastric distress

Clients with HF should NOT take these. Assess for decreased BP, monitor potassium, take 1 hour before or two hours after meals
AVOID GRAPEFRUIT. limit caffeine consumption

Question 10

Bile sequestrants

Answer 10

Colestipol HCI, colesevelam, cholestytamine

Used to tx type IIA hyperlipidemia (hyper-cholesterolemia) when dietary changes fail

Adv: abd pain, n&v, distention, flatulence, benching, constipation

MIX POWDERS WITH ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF LIQUIDS OR FRUITS HIGH IN MOISTURE CONTENT (applesauce).
Monitor prothrombin times and assess for visual changes and rickets

Question 11

Statins

Answer 11

Atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol), pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin

SE: abd pain, n&v, distention, flatulence, benching, constipation. Hepatitis or pancreatitis

Observe liver enzyme levels every 6 months. Monitor CPK levels. AVOID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE. Client needs to report any muscle tenderness

Question 12

Fibric acid derivatives

Answer 12

Gemfibrate (lopid), fenofibrate, fenofribic acid, clorfibrate (claripex)

Used with diet to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Adv: abd and epigastric pain, DIARRHEA, gallstones

Obtain and monitor liver function, cbc, and electrolytes every 3-6 months

Question 13

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 13

Niacin (niaspan), nicotinic acid (nicobid)

Decreases lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis and increases HDL

ADV: flushing of face and neck, pruritus, headache, orthostatic hypotension,

GIVE WITH MILK or food to avoid GI upset.

Question 14

Fibrinolytic agents

Answer 14

Streptokinase, Tenecteplase, reteplase, urokinase, alteplase, anistreplase

Used to tx DVT, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis,

Do not shake vial (roll instead), monitor thrombin time after administration, bleeding precautions,

Question 15

Diuretics

Answer 15

Thiazides
Loop
Potassium sparing

Question 16

Thiazides

Answer 16

Diuretic.
Chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone

Used to decrease fluid volume and increase excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Useful in severe HTN. Enhances other anti hypertensives

Adv: hypokalemia (dry mouth, thirst, weakness, drowsiness, lethargy, muscle aches, tachycardia), hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

Encourage potassium foods. Cation in clients with renal failure, gout, or clients taking lithium

Question 17

Loop diuretic

Answer 17

Furosemide (lasix), torsemide (demadex), bumetanide (bumex)

Used for rapid action volume depletion

Adv: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, sexual dysfunction

Volume and electrolyte depletion are rapid

Question 18

Potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 18

Spironolactone (aldactone), amiloride, triamterene (dyrenium), eplerenome (inspra)

Used to deplete volume without significant potassium loss

Adv: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction

Question 19

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 19

Prazosin HCI, terazosin, phentolamine mesylate, doxazosin

Used as peripheral vasodilator that acts directly on the blood vessels. Used in extreme HTN

Adv: hypotension, weakness, palpitations

Question 20

Vasodilators

Answer 20

Antihypertensive
Hydralazine HCI, minoxidil

Used to decrease Bp by decreasing peripheral resistance

Adv: headache, tachycardia, fluid retention (HF, pulmonary edema) postural hypotension.

Monitor vitals and observe for edema. Weigh daily.

Question 21

Ace inhibitors

Answer 21

Antihypertensive
“Prils”

Decreases BP. Useful in clients diagnosed with diabetes

Adv: proteinuria, neutropenia, skin rash, cough

Observe for acute renal failure, remain in bed 3 hours after first dose

Question 22

Heparin sodium (hep-lock)

Answer 22

Anticoagulant
Administered SQ or IV as antagonist to thrombin and to prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Adv: hemorrhage, leukopenia, hepatitis

Assess PTT, Hgb, HCt, platelets, stool for occult blood
Avoid IM injections

Question 23

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)

Answer 23

Anticoagulant
Blocks formation of prothrombin from vitamin K
Adv: hemorrhage, leukopenia, hepatitis

Give orally, assess PT, avoid foods high in vitamin K

Question 24

Anti platelets

Answer 24

Ticlopidine, dipyridamole, clopidogrel (plavix),

Used for short term use after cardiac interventions, reduces risk for thrombolytic stroke for those intolerant of aspirin.

Adv: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, GI upset

Monitor for bleeding

Question 25

Enoxaparin (lovenox)

Answer 25

Prevention of thrombolytic formation (DVT)

Adv: hemorrhage, GI upset, thrombocytopenia

Monitor for signs of bleeding

Question 26

Digoxin

Answer 26

Used to tx supraventricular dysrhythmias, and A fib

Side effects of digitalis are increased when the client is hypokalemic

Question 27

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer 27

First line drug for TB

Pyridoxine (vit b6) is administered during high dose therapy as prophylactic measures

Drug interactions with alcohol

Increases phenytoin (Dilantin) levels