Cardiovascular

Question 1

Common causes of valvular disease

Answer 1

Rheumatic fever 
Congenital heart disease 
Syphilis 
Endocarditis 
HTN

These pts will be on life long anticoagulant therapy and also will need to take prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive therapy.

Question 2

Heart failure

Answer 2

Inability of heart to pump enough blood to meet the tissues O2 demands

Caused by: ischemic heart disease, MI, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, HTN

Left then right

Question 3

Left sides HF

Answer 3

Pulmonary edema (left ventricular failure) due to inability of left ventricle to pump blood peripherally

Dyspnea, Orthopnea, wet lung sounds, cough, fatigue, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, confusion

Administer O2 as needed, limit sodium intake, weigh daily, monitor IO, measure abd girth, elevate lower extremities while sitting, administer diuretics in morning

Question 4

Right sided HF

Answer 4

Peripheral edema (right ventricular failure)
Inability of right ventricle to pump blood out to the lungs.

Peripheral edema, weight gain, distended neck veins, anorexia, nocturia, weakness, helatomeagly, ascites

Administer O2 as needed, limit sodium intake, weigh daily, monitor IO, measure abd girth, elevate lower extremities while sitting, administer diuretics in morning

Question 5

education for pacemaker

Answer 5

Report pulse lower than set rate of pacemaker
Avoid leaning over automobile with engine running
Stand 4-5 feet away from electromagnetic sources such as microwaves, ovens, and radar detectors that are operating

Avoid MRI diagnostic testing

Question 6

What assessments should nurse obtain in first few hours of AAA patient

Answer 6

Vitals every hour
Neurologic vitals
Respiratory status 
Urinary output 
Peripheral pulses

Question 7

PAD

Answer 7

95% are from arteriosclerosis
Others- raynauds, buergers
Skin is smooth, shiny, loss of hair, thickened nails, dry thin skin, pallor, cool to touch, decreased pulses, pain is sharp and has intermittent claudication, ulcers are very painful and occur on lower legs, toes, heels, they are small but deep and circular in shape.

Tx- smoking cessation, fibrinolytic agents if clot is problem

Question 8

PVD

Answer 8

DVT, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, Venus stasis ulcers
Skin is brown pigment around ankles, warm to touch, pulses are normal, pain is achy full feeling that is relieved by elevation and compression stockings, ulcers are slightly painful and occur on medial legs and ankle, uneven in edges, superficial but large and highly exudative

Tx- compression stockings, limb elevation, vein ligation, thrombolectomy, debridement

Question 9

The presence of friction rub is an indication of

Answer 9

Pericarditis (inflammation of lining of heart)