Hematology And Oncology Flashcards
Administration of Iron
Use Z track method of administration
Use air bubble to avoid withdrawing medication into subcutaneous tissue
DO NOT use deltoid muscle
DO NOT massage injection site
Leukemia
Malignant neoplasm of the blood forming organs
Characterized by abnormal over production of immature forms of any of the leukocytes. There is an interference with normal blood production that results in decreased numbers of RBC and platelets
4 types: acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Why does immunosuppression occur in leukemia?
Because of the large number of immature WBCs or profound neutropenia
How is diagnosis of leukemia made?
Biopsy
Bone marrow aspiration
Lumbar puncture
Frequent blood counts
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Involves inability of leukocytes to mature and the ones that do are abnormal
Can occur anytime during life cycle
Onset is insidious
Prognosis is poor
Cause of death is usually overwhelming infection
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Results from abnormal production of granulocytic cells
It is a biphasic disease
Chronic stage lasts apprx 3 years
Acute phase lasts 2-3 months
It occurs in young- middle age adults
Prognosis is poor
Tx is conservative, involving oral antineoplastic agents.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Abnormal leukocytes are found in blood forming tissue
Occurs in children (most common childhood cancer)
Prognosis is favorable
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Involves increased production of leukocytes and lymphocytes and proliferation of cells within the bone marrow, spleen, and liver.
Occurs after age 35 usually in older adults
Most clients are asymptomatic and are not treated
What temperature is usually reported for cancer patients?
100.5
Hodgkin’s disease
Malignancy of the lymphoid system that initiates in a single lymph node
Characterized by a generalized painless lymphadenopathy
Higher in males and young adults
Prognosis is good
Determination of stage of disease is done by surgical laparotomy
Stage 1 Hodgkin’s disease
Involvement of single lymph node region or a single extra lymphatic organ or site
Stage 2 Hodgkin’s disease
Involvement of two or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm or localized involvement of an extra lymphatic organ or site
Stage 3 Hodgkin’s disease
Involvement of lymph node areas on both sides of diaphragm to localize involvement of one extra lymphatic organ, the spleen, or both
Stage 4 Hodgkin’s disease
Diffuse involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs with or without lymph node involvement
Nursing assessment for Hodgkin’s disease
Enlarged lymph nodes (one or more) usually cervical lymph nodes
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated leukocytes,
Fever, increased susceptibility to infections
Anorexia, weight loss
Malaise, bone pain
Night sweats
Pain in affected lymph node after consuming alcohol
Neoplasm
A new formation
Carcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue
Sarcoma
A malignant tumor arising from non epithelial tissue
Differentiation
Degree to which neoplastic tissue is different from parent tissue
Metastasis
Spread of cancer from the original site to other parts of body
Adjuvant therapy
Therapy supplemental to the primary therapy
Palliative procedure
Relives symptoms without curing the cause
Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin
Adeno
Glandular tissue
Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin
Angio
Blood vessels
