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Hesi Study > Hematology And Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology And Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Administration of Iron

A

Use Z track method of administration
Use air bubble to avoid withdrawing medication into subcutaneous tissue

DO NOT use deltoid muscle
DO NOT massage injection site

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2
Q

Leukemia

A

Malignant neoplasm of the blood forming organs
Characterized by abnormal over production of immature forms of any of the leukocytes. There is an interference with normal blood production that results in decreased numbers of RBC and platelets

4 types: acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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3
Q

Why does immunosuppression occur in leukemia?

A

Because of the large number of immature WBCs or profound neutropenia

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4
Q

How is diagnosis of leukemia made?

A

Biopsy
Bone marrow aspiration
Lumbar puncture
Frequent blood counts

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5
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia

A

Involves inability of leukocytes to mature and the ones that do are abnormal
Can occur anytime during life cycle
Onset is insidious
Prognosis is poor
Cause of death is usually overwhelming infection

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6
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Results from abnormal production of granulocytic cells
It is a biphasic disease
Chronic stage lasts apprx 3 years
Acute phase lasts 2-3 months
It occurs in young- middle age adults
Prognosis is poor
Tx is conservative, involving oral antineoplastic agents.

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7
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

Abnormal leukocytes are found in blood forming tissue
Occurs in children (most common childhood cancer)
Prognosis is favorable

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8
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Involves increased production of leukocytes and lymphocytes and proliferation of cells within the bone marrow, spleen, and liver.
Occurs after age 35 usually in older adults
Most clients are asymptomatic and are not treated

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9
Q

What temperature is usually reported for cancer patients?

A

100.5

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10
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

Malignancy of the lymphoid system that initiates in a single lymph node

Characterized by a generalized painless lymphadenopathy
Higher in males and young adults
Prognosis is good
Determination of stage of disease is done by surgical laparotomy

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11
Q

Stage 1 Hodgkin’s disease

A

Involvement of single lymph node region or a single extra lymphatic organ or site

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12
Q

Stage 2 Hodgkin’s disease

A

Involvement of two or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm or localized involvement of an extra lymphatic organ or site

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13
Q

Stage 3 Hodgkin’s disease

A

Involvement of lymph node areas on both sides of diaphragm to localize involvement of one extra lymphatic organ, the spleen, or both

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14
Q

Stage 4 Hodgkin’s disease

A

Diffuse involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs with or without lymph node involvement

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15
Q

Nursing assessment for Hodgkin’s disease

A

Enlarged lymph nodes (one or more) usually cervical lymph nodes
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated leukocytes,
Fever, increased susceptibility to infections
Anorexia, weight loss
Malaise, bone pain
Night sweats
Pain in affected lymph node after consuming alcohol

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16
Q

Neoplasm

A

A new formation

17
Q

Carcinoma

A

A malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue

18
Q

Sarcoma

A

A malignant tumor arising from non epithelial tissue

19
Q

Differentiation

A

Degree to which neoplastic tissue is different from parent tissue

20
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer from the original site to other parts of body

21
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

Therapy supplemental to the primary therapy

22
Q

Palliative procedure

A

Relives symptoms without curing the cause

23
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Adeno

A

Glandular tissue

24
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Angio

A

Blood vessels

25
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Basal cell

A

Epithelium (sun exposed areas)

26
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Embryonal

A

Gonads

27
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Fibro

A

Fibrous tissue

28
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Lympho

A

Lymphoid tissue

29
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Melano

A

Pigmented cells of epithelium

30
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Myo

A

Muscle tissue

31
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Osteo

A

Bone

32
Q

Tumors identified by tissue of Orgin

Squamous cell

A

Epithelium

33
Q

7 warning signs of cancer

A

Changes in usual bowel or bladder function
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge, hematuria, tarry stools, ecchymosis, bleeding mole
Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or dysphasia
Obvious changes to wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

34
Q

What is the only IV fluid compatible with blood products?

A

Normal saline

35
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency of erythrocytes (RBCs) reflected as decreased Hct, Hgb, and RBCs.

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