Reproductive surgery (Female)

Question 1

Age to neuter

Answer 1

Pre-pubertal
Before 1stoestrus.
Mammary neoplasiaprotection highest (>90%).

Post-pubertal
After 1st oestrus.
Behavioural,
Health reasons e.g. Pyometra

Question 2

When NOT to spay (bitch) and why

Answer 2

Oestrus Best to wait 2-3+ months after as it increases risk complications such as haemorrhage and friable tissue

Question 3

What stage of bitch’s cycle is best to spay

Answer 3

ANOESTRUS

Question 4

Name of the approach when performing canine OVH

Answer 4

Ventral midline

Question 5

Name of the approach when performing feline OVH

Answer 5

Left Flank or Ventral Midline

Question 6

Benefit some canine OVH- Medical

Answer 6

Pyometra/Uterine neoplasia
Mammary neoplasia is most common malignant tumour in female dogs
Vaginal prolapse/neoplasia

Question 7

Benefit some canine OVH- Behavioral

Answer 7

Oestrus behaviour/signs
Pseudopregnancy

Question 8

Landmarks of canine OVH first incision

Answer 8

Umbilicus + Pubis,
Length between and divide into 3
Incise cranial two thirds.

Question 9

Landmarks of canine OVH first incision when it comes to deep chested

Answer 9

more cranial

Question 10

Landmarks of canine OVH first incision when it comes to puppies

Answer 10

more caudal

Question 11

Which part of the bitch OVH is limiting factor

Answer 11

Ovarian pedical exposure- The right pedical is deeper and more cranial

Question 12

Length of incision

Answer 12

6-8cm

Question 13

Should scapel be facing up or down when entering abdomen and angle

Answer 13

Reverse scalpel blade, 45 degree

Question 14

Differentiation between uterus or intestine

Answer 14

Trace it – caudal for bifurcation (cranial for ovary).
Blood vessels:
Uterus – parallel.
Intestine – perpendicular.

Question 15

Type of knots used to ligate uterine body

Answer 15

Surgeons
Modified Millers
Transfixing.

Question 16

Ideal number of ligatures used to ligate ligament

Answer 16

Minimum 1 but ideal 2

Question 17

Where do you transect after ligating and clamping

Answer 17

Always between 2 clamps,
2nd clamp on proper ligament,
Cut along lowest clamp.

Question 18

Describe order of Standard 3-layer closure in abdominal

Answer 18

1. Muscle (linea alba),
   2.Subcut,
2. Skin.

Question 19

What layer of the linea alba you MUST take a bite when suturing

Answer 19

External rectal sheath

Question 20

Pattern to close linea alba

Answer 20

Simple interrupted,
Cruciate,
Continuous:

Question 21

Characteristic of suture material used to close linea alba

Answer 21

Absorbable, long lasting as it takes 6 weeks for muscle to heal

Question 22

Benefits of ventral midline approach in feline OVH

Answer 22

Easier (open/close)?
Best if pregnant, overweight
Better exposure of abdomen.

Question 23

When do I use left flank approach in feline OVH

Answer 23

Easier for post-op woundmonitoring
Best if recently lactating

Question 24

Landmarks for Left flank approach

Answer 24

Draw a right angled triangle along Iliac crest + greater trochanter

Question 25

Landmarks for Ventral midline (Feline)

Answer 25

Umbilicus + pubis
Middle 1/3:
More caudal compared to bitch
Incision length – ≤2-2.5cm

Question 26

Name some common complications of OVH

Answer 26

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome (ORS)
Stump Pyometra
Chronic Pseudopregnancy

Question 27

Can I spay during the pseudoprgancny

Answer 27

No!