Equine Neonataology GIT Abdomen and Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Meconium

Answer 1

First faeces passed by foal

Question 2

Clinical signs of Meconium impaction

Answer 2

6-24hrs
Failure to pass meconium
Progressive increase in abdominal pain
Frequent posturing and straining to defecate
Depressed and reluctant

Question 3

Diagnosis of colic caused by failure to pass meconium

Answer 3

C/S
Rectal exam with finger
Deep abdominal palpation
Abdominal u/s

Question 4

Treatment of meconium impaction

Answer 4

Administration of enema- sodium pottasium enema
Enema of 500ml of warm soapy water by gravity flow through catheter
Analgesia

Question 5

What analgesia is suitable for foal

Answer 5

Butorphanol

Question 6

Why NSAIDS in foal is contraindicated

Answer 6

Kidney perfusion not as good
GI Ulcerations

Question 7

What NSAIDS is most suitable for foals

Answer 7

COX2 NSAIDS
Meloxicam

Question 8

What is foal heat diarrhoea

Answer 8

Foal heat diarrhea is a common condition that occurs in young foals, typically between 7 to 14 days of age. It is often associated with the mare’s first estrous cycle (heat) following birth, although the exact cause is not definitively linked to the mare’s hormonal changes.

Question 9

Example of gram pos bacteria causing foal diarrhoea

Answer 9

Clostridial enteritis
C. Perfringens/ C. difficile

Question 10

Best way to diagnose of diarrhoea by clostridium

Answer 10

Toxin assay

Question 10

Therapy of diarrhoea by clostridium

Answer 10

Fluid therapy
Metronidazole
Di-tri-octahedral smectite (biosponge) to absorb toxins

Question 11

Why is metrodinazole good for clostridium

Answer 11

Good for anaerobic bacteria

Question 12

Mortality and Morbidity of rotaviruses

Answer 12

High morbidity, Low mortality

Question 13

Rotavirus pathology

Answer 13

Primarily infects the epithelial cells of the small intestine, leading to cell destruction, malabsorption, and secretory diarrhea due to the disruption of the intestinal lining and the release of viral enterotoxins.

Question 14

Clostridium pathology

Answer 14

produce potent toxins that cause severe damage to the intestinal mucosa in foals. This results in acute inflammation, necrosis of the intestinal lining, and disruption of normal gut function,

Question 15

Rotavirus diagnosis

Answer 15

Demonstration of virus particles in feces using commercial immunoassays

Question 16

Patent urachus

Answer 16

Congenital or acquired condition in which the urachus, a fetal structure that normally closes after birth, remains open, allowing urine to leak from the umbilicus.

Question 17

Diagnosis of patent urachus

Answer 17

Foal has stream of urine originating from umbilicus
Wet hair around umbilicus

Question 18

3 causes of patent urachus

Answer 18

Simple Cause: The urachus fails to close naturally after birth due to developmental anomalies.
Mechanical Cause: Physical disruption, such as trauma or inflammation, prevents the urachus from closing.
Infectious Cause: Bacterial infection of the umbilical stump leads to inflammation, hindering the closure of the urachus.

Question 19

Treatment of simple and mechanical patent urachus

Answer 19

Disinfect with dilute chlorhex
Keeping area clean and dry
Using emoilents to keep it moisturised
Consider broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 20

What is a suitable broad spectrum antibiotics that concentrates in urine

Answer 20

TMPS

Question 21

Treatment of infectious patent urachus

Answer 21

Admin of antibiotics
Close monitoring
Surgical resection of the umbilical remnant

Question 22

Cause of uroperitoneum

Answer 22

Trauma/traction on umbilicus during birth can various parts of the bladder
Urachus Infection