Diseases of the Male Reproductive Tract of the Dog and Cat

Question 1

List some common diseases of testicles

Answer 1

Infectious orchitis and epididymitis
Brucellosis
Neoplasia-Sertoli cell tumour, Interstitial cell tumour, Seminomas
Cryptorchidism

Question 2

Aetiology of infectious orchitis and epidymitis

Answer 2

trauma, ascending infection, bacteria, Canine distemper virus, fungal

Question 3

Clinical signs of orchitis

Answer 3

Enlargement, erythema and pain,pyrexia, lethargy,oedema,purulent preputial discharge in acute presentation,if chronic then there may be swelling or contraction, with fibrosis and atrophy

Question 4

Diagnosis of Infectious Orchitis and Epididymitis

Answer 4

clinical signs, semen collection for culture,imaging, cytology

Question 5

Treatment of Infectious Orchitis and Epididymitis

Answer 5

Antibiotics based on C&S, castration, NSAIDs

Question 6

Should I run a test for brucellosis for a dog with scrotal enlargement?

Answer 6

In countries where disease is present, all dogs with scrotal enlargement should be tested

Question 7

Diagnosis of scrotal lesions

Answer 7

Establish if swelling is cutaneous, in testicle or vaginal tunic
Palpation +/- ultrasound
FNA and cytology, culture
Is B.canis a posibility?

Question 8

Treatment of scrotal lesions

Answer 8

NSAIDs
Appropriate topicals
Cold compresses
Identify and treat underlying cause

Question 9

What tumour is the second most common in entire male dogs

Answer 9

Testicular tumours

Question 10

What breed is predisposed to having testicular tumour

Answer 10

Boxer

Question 11

Cryptorchidism

Answer 11

when one or both testicles fail to drop down into the scrotum

Question 12

When to check testes of male puppies

Answer 12

check pups at 8 weeks- check again, and keep checking, castrate at 6 months-do NOT leave it! Descent adtrer 1 year of age is VERY rare!!
normally both testes in the scrotum by 2 weeks post-partum

Question 13

What is the most common tumour type in retained testes

Answer 13

Sertoli cell tumours

Question 14

What age are testes in kittens

Answer 14

Testes normally in scrotum at birth in tom cats but can slide up and down the inguinal canal until 7-8 months of age in some cats

Question 15

Term used to describe inflammation of the penis

Answer 15

Balanitis

Question 16

Term used to describe inflammation of the prepuce

Answer 16

Posthitis

Question 17

Term used to describe inflammation of the penis and prepuce

Answer 17

Balanoposthitis

Question 18

Is smegma in intact dogs normal?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Term used to describe the inability to retract either the erect or non-erect penis into the prepuce

Answer 19

Paraphimosis

Question 20

Term used to describe a persistent erection without sexual arousal, with the subsequent inability to retract the penis into the prepuce

Answer 20

Priapism-very rare in dog

Question 21

Term used to describe inability to protrude penis out of prepuce, uncommon in dogs (persistent frenulum)

Answer 21

Phimosis

Question 22

Treatment of Paraphimosis

Answer 22

lubrication of penis and bulbus glandis, elevate the penis towards to body wall and attempt to relocate, sedation or GA can help to reduce tumescence, wrapping penis with cool, flat compress and hyperosmolar dextrose solution . May need surgery

Question 23

Disorders of the Penis and Prepuce

Answer 23

Urethral Prolapse
Penile fractures
Neoplasia

Question 24

Urethral Prolapse

Answer 24

Inner lining of your urethra (the hole you pee from) sticks out

Question 25

What type of tumour is commonly associated with the penis and prepuce

Answer 25

Transmissible venereal tumour

Question 26

Why are perianal tumours 3 times more likely in intact males

Answer 26

Because androgens stimulate the development of hepatoid glands, the incidence of proliferative lesions of the hepatoid glands in sexually intact male dogs is three times than it is in females, start as hyperplasia progressing to adenoma

Question 27

Treatment of perianal tumour

Answer 27

Castration