Reproductive Management Flashcards
castration
removal of testicles
what does castration do?
prevents undesired mating and improves meat quality
controlled breeding season
limiting the time interval animals are allowed to mate
which animal participates in natural controlled breeding
sheep (breed in fall, lamb in spring) and horse (breed in late spring, foal in spring)
artificial controlled breeding
limit breeding by man
estrous synchronization
more efficient use of labor and facilities. greater supervision of animals at parturition
estrous synchronization makes use of what
AI or embryo transfer
artificial insemination (AI)
semen is deposited in female reproductive tract by artificial techniques rather than by natural mating.
advantages of AI?
semen can be diluted multiple mating from one ejaculation, semen can be stored for later (even after death), limit possible spread of disease, mate animals who are far apart
disadvantages of AI?
additional skills required
pregnancy diagnosis
reduce cost by sale or differential management of open animals. early diagnosis of reproductive failure
breeding marks
male marks female at mating. earliest possible indication of conception
what’s a problem with breeding marks?
marks can wash off or no mark may be on a female that had been fertilized. does not guarantee pregnancy
palpation
through anus to feel for fetus
palpation is used in which animals?
horse and cattle
blood test
measures the hormones from the placenta which goes into the mother’s blood stream
ultrasound
real-time external and internal
embryo transfer
removal of the embryo early in its development from its own mother’s uterus and transfer to another female’s uterus
which animals have embryo transfer been developed in?
sheep, goats, swine, cattle, and horses
T/F heifer’s body can reject the embryo
true
how are embryos removed?
non-surgically
what happens after the embryo is removed?
it is either frozen and saved for later or transferred to the recipient
in vitro fertilization
fertilization in a test tube, eggs are collected from donor female, mature and fertilized in lab, frozen or transferred to recipient
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
stick a needle with one sperm into the ovum
who is intracytoplasmic sperm injection for?
male factor sub-fertility, males who have a lot of deformities.
which animals is ICSI mainly used for?
horses
