Nutrition

Question 1

What two types of roughages are there?

Answer 1

carbonaceous and proteinaceous

Question 2

What two types of sources do concentrates come from?

Answer 2

Animal and plant

Question 3

What are the two nutritional additives?

Answer 3

Vitamins and minerals

Question 4

What are non-nutritional additives?

Answer 4

feed binders, therapeutants, probiotics, enzyme supplements, flavorings

Question 5

What is crude fiber (CF)?

Answer 5

the total amount of fiber present in the feed including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

Question 6

What are the three classifications of feed?

Answer 6

Roughages, concentrates, and additives

Question 7

what does TMR mean?

Answer 7

Total mix rations

Question 8

T/F Roughages are high in fiber

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F Fiber is cellulose

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F Cellulolytic bacteria regulates pH

Answer 10

True

Question 11

hay is a what type of method?

Answer 11

preservation method based on removal of water

Question 12

silage is what type of method?

Answer 12

a preservation method based on acidification by fermentation

Question 13

Grasses like bermuda, fescue, timothy, and crop reside are what

Answer 13

carbonaceous roughages

Question 14

legumes like alfalfa and clover are what

Answer 14

proteinaceous roughages

Question 15

What is crude protein (CP)?

Answer 15

the total amount of protein present in the feed

Question 16

grains and seeds are what?

Answer 16

energy rich concentrates

Question 17

animal/plant meals/sources are what?

Answer 17

protein rich concentrates

Question 18

corn, wheat, barley, milo, and oats are examples of what?

Answer 18

energy rich concentrates

Question 19

meat and bone meal, blood meal, and fish meal are examples of what?

Answer 19

animal protein rich concentrates

Question 20

cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and linseed meal are examples of what?

Answer 20

plant protein rich concentrates

Question 21

what two types of additives are there?

Answer 21

nutrient and non nutrient additives

Question 22

How much crude protein do animals sourced concentrates have?

Answer 22

60-90% CP

Question 23

How much crude protein does plant based concentrates have?

Answer 23

30-45% CP

Question 24

What are vitamins and minerals?

Answer 24

nutrient additives

Question 25

Change with physical:

Answer 25

weight/size, stage of production, level of production, work, age

Question 26

change with environment:

Answer 26

climate, physical activity, diseases/parasites

Question 27

What percent of water is an animal?

Answer 27

60%

Question 28

What percent of protein is an animal?

Answer 28

16%

Question 29

What percent of fat is an animal?

Answer 29

2-20%

Question 30

What percent of ash is an animal?

Answer 30

4%

Question 31

What is required by animals?

Answer 31

water, energy, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Question 32

What is provided by feed?

Answer 32

water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Question 33

What is the exception of water loss?

Answer 33

camel

Question 34

What is the most limiting nutrient?

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

What are the two components of energy?

Answer 35

carbohydrates and lipids

Question 36

What three types of carbs are there?

Answer 36

monosaccharides, disaccharide, and polysaccharides

Question 37

monosaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

Answer 37

one

Question 38

disaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

polysaccharides have how many sugar molecules?

Answer 39

more than 2

Question 40

examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 40

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 41

examples of disaccharaides?

Answer 41

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 42

what is sucrose?

Answer 42

glucose and fructose

Question 43

what is lactose?

Answer 43

glucose and galactose

Question 44

what is maltose?

Answer 44

glucose and glucose

Question 45

examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 45

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 46

starch and cellulose are found where?

Answer 46

cell walls in plants

Question 47

glycogen is found where?

Answer 47

muscles and liver of animals

Question 48

starch has what digestion?

Answer 48

chemical and microbial

Question 49

cellulose is broken down how?

Answer 49

microbial digestion

Question 50

glycogen is broken down how?

Answer 50

chemical and microbial digesion

Question 51

What plays a primary role as an energy substrate?

Answer 51

VFA's

Question 52

Lipids have how much more energy than carbs?

Answer 52

2.25% more

Question 53

What types of lipids are there?

Answer 53

triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipid

Question 54

how does energy escape?

Answer 54

fecal, urine, gasses, and heat

Question 55

what is the process to net energy?

Answer 55

gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolic energy (ME), net energy (NE), maintenance

Question 56

where does fecal energy get released?

Answer 56

gross energy (GE)

Question 57

where does urine and gasses energy get released?

Answer 57

digestible energy (DE)

Question 58

where does heat energy get released?

Answer 58

metabolic energy (ME)

Question 59

what classification are amino acids?

Answer 59

proteins

Question 60

Where are amino acids found?

Answer 60

muscle, tendon, ligament, connective tissues

Question 61

Where do monogastrics get protein?

Answer 61

diet

Question 62

where do ruminants get protein?

Answer 62

diet and digested microbes

Question 63

what minerals are required in greater proportion?

Answer 63

macrominerals

Question 64

how many macrominerals are there?

Answer 64

7

Question 65

What are the 7 macrominerals?

Answer 65

phosphorus, calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, sodium

Question 66

what are required in lower proportions?

Answer 66

microminerals

Question 67

how many microminerals are there?

Answer 67

11

Question 68

what are the 11 microminerals?

Answer 68

iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, boron, manganese

Question 69

what is calcium used for?

Answer 69

bone, teeth, nerve, and muscle function

Question 70

what is sodium, potassium, and chlorine used for?

Answer 70

osmotic balance, nerve function, muscle function

Question 71

what is iodine used for?

Answer 71

thyroid hormones, T3/T4 metabolic rate, iodized salt

Question 72

what is goiter?

Answer 72

irregular growth of thyroid gland

Question 73

what is iron used for?

Answer 73

hemoglobin, oxygen transport

Question 74

what two types of vitamins are there?

Answer 74

fat-soluble and water-soluble

Question 75

what vitamins are fat-soluble?

Answer 75

A, D, E, K

Question 76

what vitamins are water-soluble?

Answer 76

C, B-complex

Question 77

what does vitamin A do?

Answer 77

cell growth

Question 78

what does vitamin D do?

Answer 78

bone formation

Question 79

what does vitamin E do?

Answer 79

red blood cells

Question 80

what does vitamin K do?

Answer 80

clotting factors

Question 81

what do B-complex vitamins do?

Answer 81

metabolism

Question 82

what does vitamin C do?

Answer 82

antioxidant

Question 83

what is the deficiency of vitamin C called?

Answer 83

scurvy

Question 84

what happens if you don't get enough vitamin C?

Answer 84

bleeding gums, swollen gums, loose teeth, weak bones, hemorrhaging