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ANS > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

horse numbers by country

A

US, Mexico, China, Brazil, Argentina

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2
Q

how many in US total

A

10 million

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3
Q

US numbers by industry

A

Texas, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Kentucky

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4
Q

2016 ownership cost of showhorse?

A

$24,239

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5
Q

2016 ownership cost of recreational horse?

A

$6,710

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6
Q

what is the median income of horse owners?

A

$59,039

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7
Q

what percent of owners had an income of > $100,000 in 2016?

A

50%

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8
Q

what percent of equids are horses?

A

87%

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9
Q

what percent of equids are mini horses?

A

4%

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10
Q

what percent of equids are donkeys?

A

4%

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11
Q

what percent of equids are ponies?

A

3%

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12
Q

what percent of equids are mules?

A

2%

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13
Q

what percent of equids are wild/other?

A

1%

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14
Q

what are all the functions of equids?

A

draft, light, gated, warm, ponies

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15
Q

what are the three types of temperaments?

A

hot-blooded, cold-blooded, warm-blooded

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16
Q

what is the temperament of draft horses?

A

cold blooded

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17
Q

purpose of draft horses?

A

draft, draught, dray (to pull/haul)

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18
Q

how many hands are draft horses?

A

16-19

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19
Q

how many lbs are draft horse?

A

3,000 lbs

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20
Q

characteristics of draft horses?

A

heavy boned, large frame, powerful, forward movement focused

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21
Q

Belgian Draft

A

draft horse

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22
Q

Clydesdale

A

draft horse

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23
Q

Shire

A

draft horse

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24
Q

Percheron

A

draft horse

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25
Q

Suffolk Punch

A

draft horse

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26
Q

what temperament are light horses?

A

hot blooded

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27
Q

what are light horses bred for?

A

riding

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28
Q

characteristics of light horses?

A

speedy, agility, and endurance

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29
Q

how many hands is a light horse?

A

14.3-17

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30
Q

how many lbs is a light horse?

A

1,000-1,500

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31
Q

Quarter Horse

A

light horse

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32
Q

Arabian

A

light horse

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33
Q

Thoroughbred

A

light horse

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34
Q

what temperament are gated horses?

A

hot blooded

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35
Q

what are gated horses bred for?

A

smooth movement

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36
Q

how many hands are gated horses?

A

14.3-17

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37
Q

how many lbs are gated horses?

A

1,000-1,500

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38
Q

American Saddlebred

A

gated horse

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39
Q

Tennessee Walker

A

gated horse

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40
Q

Standardbred

A

gated horse

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41
Q

warm blooded horses are made up of what?

A

hot and cold blooded horses

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42
Q

characteristics of warm blooded horses?

A

moderate frame, heavier boned

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43
Q

what are warm blooded horses bred for?

A

riding, jumping, dressage

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44
Q

how many hands are warm blooded horses?

A

16-18

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45
Q

how many lbs are warm blooded horses?

A

1,200-1,700

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46
Q

Hanoverian

A

warm blooded horse

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47
Q

Trakehner

A

warm blooded horse

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48
Q

Dutch Warmblood

A

warm blooded horse

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49
Q

T/F ponies can be both hot blooded and cold blooded

A

true

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50
Q

what are ponies bred for?

A

draft and riding

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51
Q

how many hands are ponies?

A

<14.2

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52
Q

how many lbs are ponies?

A

500-900

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53
Q

Shetland

A

pony

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54
Q

Welsh

A

pony

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55
Q

Hackney

A

pony

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56
Q

T/F mini horses cannot be both hot and cold blooded

A

false

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57
Q

T/F mini horses are more of a horse than a pony

A

true

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58
Q

how many hands are mini horses?

A

8.5-9.5

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59
Q

what are domestic donkeys bred for?

A

draft and riding

60
Q

what temperament are domestic donkeys?

A

hot and cold blooded

61
Q

types of donkeys?

A

Jerusalem Donkey, Mammoth Jack

62
Q

how many hands are domestic donkeys?

A

> 13.2

63
Q

T/F horses are selected in an environment they will exceed and perform well in

A

true

64
Q

T/F linebreeding is not common

A

false

65
Q

concentrate genes from one individual

A

linebreeding

66
Q

characteristics of linebreeding

A

sire performance, major selection criteria, money for service, limited offspring

67
Q

crossbreeding is for ________ development?

A

breed

68
Q

warmbloods are bred from what kind of breeding?

A

crossbreeding

69
Q

hybrid vigor

A

increase in heterosis

70
Q

estimate live foal crop percentage?

A

50-70%

71
Q

T/F horses have a higher performance compared to other species

A

false

72
Q

why do horses have lower performance compared to other species

A

long gestation, seasonal breeders, single bearing, longer time to reach puberty and maturity

73
Q

estrous cycle

A

21 days

74
Q

estrus

A

5-7 days

75
Q

ovulation

A

24-48 hours (before end of estrus)

76
Q

gestation

A

335 days

77
Q

T/F 1st heat is usually not as fertile as the 2nd heat

A

true

78
Q

when does foal heat occur?

A

9-14 days after birth

79
Q

how many days from foaling to breeding in 2nd heat cycle?

A

30-33 days

80
Q

most operations are how big?

A

small; fewer than 20

81
Q

percent of pleasure horses?

A

46%

82
Q

percent of farm/ranch work horses?

A

25%

83
Q

percent of breeding horses?

A

16%

84
Q

percent of show/comp horses?

A

10%

85
Q

percent of lesson horses?

A

1%

86
Q

percent of racing horses?

A

1%

87
Q

percent of “other” horses?

A

1%

88
Q

what five things do farm/ranch work involve?

A

cattle work, ranch work, roping, cutting, cow sense

89
Q

ranch work

A

work livestock over rough terrain

90
Q

roping

A

close contact to animals, high agility

91
Q

cutting

A

highly athletic, trained to respond to calf movement after separation from herd

92
Q

cow sense

A

seem to have greater interest in cattle

93
Q

four events in horse shows?

A

riding, jumping, barrel racing, and rodeo

94
Q

halter

A

confirmation and structure of horse

95
Q

riding

A

performance of the horse and rider

96
Q

jumping

A

timed and scored competition

97
Q

barrel racing

A

speed and agility

98
Q

rodeo

A

compete in events designed to replicate ranch work

99
Q

lessons include…

A

teaching how to ride, self confidence, and therapeudic uses

100
Q

racing performances are influenced by

A

surface, condition, age, level of training, nutrition

101
Q

T/F horses are the most studied out of all of livestock

A

false

102
Q

why are horses not studied as often?

A

long gestation, recreational use (low profit vs cattle), age to puberty, 1 offspring per year, lack of accurate records

103
Q

what do we feed horses?

A

roughages: grass, alfalfa, hay

104
Q

scapula human name?

A

shoulder blade

105
Q

scapula equine name?

A

shoulder blade

106
Q

shoulder blade scientific name?

A

scapula

107
Q

humerus human name?

A

upper arm

108
Q

humerus equine name?

A

upper arm

109
Q

upper arm scientific name?

A

humerus

110
Q

radius/ulna human name?

A

forearm

111
Q

radius/ulna equine name?

A

forearm

112
Q

forearm scientific name?

A

radius/ulna

113
Q

carpus human name?

A

wrist

114
Q

carpus equine name?

A

knee

115
Q

knee scientific name?

A

carpus

116
Q

metacarpal human name?

A

hand

117
Q

metacarpal equine name?

A

cannon

118
Q

cannon scientific name?

A

metacarpal

119
Q

metacarpalphalangeal human name?

A

knuckle

120
Q

metacarpalphalangeal equine name?

A

fetlock

121
Q

fetlock scientific name?

A

metacarpalphalangeal

122
Q

proximal phalanx human name?

A

P-1

123
Q

proximal phalanx equine name?

A

long pastern

124
Q

long pastern scientific name?

A

proximal phalanx

125
Q

medial phalanx human name?

A

P-2

126
Q

medial phalanx equine name?

A

short pastern

127
Q

short pastern scientific name?

A

medial phalanx

128
Q

distal phalanx human name?

A

P-3

129
Q

distal phalanx equine name?

A

coffin

130
Q

coffin scientific name?

A

distal phalanx

131
Q

why is proper conformation of a horse important?

A

for the health and function of the horse

132
Q

three types of gaits

A

walk, canter, trot/pace

133
Q

walk

A

4 beat gait

134
Q

walk is mainly for what

A

draft

135
Q

slow is what kind of efficiency?

A

low

136
Q

canter

A

3 beat gait

137
Q

fast is what kind of efficiency?

A

low

138
Q

trot/pace

A

2 beat gait

139
Q

moderate is what kind of efficiency?

A

high

140
Q

conformation

A

shape and structure of a horse

141
Q

horse’s neck should be _______ the length of the head

A

1 1/2 times

142
Q

what angles should be between 40-55 degrees?

A

shoulder and pastern

143
Q

why do the shoulder and pastern angles need to be between 40-55 degrees?

A

for good distribution of weight

144
Q

T/F horses most the worst with a long neck and short back

A

false

145
Q

correct leg structure can improve ________ and reduce ___________

A

performance, lameness

ANS (13 decks)

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