Equine Flashcards
horse numbers by country
US, Mexico, China, Brazil, Argentina
how many in US total
10 million
US numbers by industry
Texas, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Kentucky
2016 ownership cost of showhorse?
$24,239
2016 ownership cost of recreational horse?
$6,710
what is the median income of horse owners?
$59,039
what percent of owners had an income of > $100,000 in 2016?
50%
what percent of equids are horses?
87%
what percent of equids are mini horses?
4%
what percent of equids are donkeys?
4%
what percent of equids are ponies?
3%
what percent of equids are mules?
2%
what percent of equids are wild/other?
1%
what are all the functions of equids?
draft, light, gated, warm, ponies
what are the three types of temperaments?
hot-blooded, cold-blooded, warm-blooded
what is the temperament of draft horses?
cold blooded
purpose of draft horses?
draft, draught, dray (to pull/haul)
how many hands are draft horses?
16-19
how many lbs are draft horse?
3,000 lbs
characteristics of draft horses?
heavy boned, large frame, powerful, forward movement focused
Belgian Draft
draft horse
Clydesdale
draft horse
Shire
draft horse
Percheron
draft horse
Suffolk Punch
draft horse
what temperament are light horses?
hot blooded
what are light horses bred for?
riding
characteristics of light horses?
speedy, agility, and endurance
how many hands is a light horse?
14.3-17
how many lbs is a light horse?
1,000-1,500
Quarter Horse
light horse
Arabian
light horse
Thoroughbred
light horse
what temperament are gated horses?
hot blooded
what are gated horses bred for?
smooth movement
how many hands are gated horses?
14.3-17
how many lbs are gated horses?
1,000-1,500
American Saddlebred
gated horse
Tennessee Walker
gated horse
Standardbred
gated horse
warm blooded horses are made up of what?
hot and cold blooded horses
characteristics of warm blooded horses?
moderate frame, heavier boned
what are warm blooded horses bred for?
riding, jumping, dressage
how many hands are warm blooded horses?
16-18
how many lbs are warm blooded horses?
1,200-1,700
Hanoverian
warm blooded horse
Trakehner
warm blooded horse
Dutch Warmblood
warm blooded horse
T/F ponies can be both hot blooded and cold blooded
true
what are ponies bred for?
draft and riding
how many hands are ponies?
<14.2
how many lbs are ponies?
500-900
Shetland
pony
Welsh
pony
Hackney
pony
T/F mini horses cannot be both hot and cold blooded
false
T/F mini horses are more of a horse than a pony
true
how many hands are mini horses?
8.5-9.5
what are domestic donkeys bred for?
draft and riding
what temperament are domestic donkeys?
hot and cold blooded
types of donkeys?
Jerusalem Donkey, Mammoth Jack
how many hands are domestic donkeys?
> 13.2
T/F horses are selected in an environment they will exceed and perform well in
true
T/F linebreeding is not common
false
concentrate genes from one individual
linebreeding
characteristics of linebreeding
sire performance, major selection criteria, money for service, limited offspring
crossbreeding is for ________ development?
breed
warmbloods are bred from what kind of breeding?
crossbreeding
hybrid vigor
increase in heterosis
estimate live foal crop percentage?
50-70%
T/F horses have a higher performance compared to other species
false
why do horses have lower performance compared to other species
long gestation, seasonal breeders, single bearing, longer time to reach puberty and maturity
estrous cycle
21 days
estrus
5-7 days
ovulation
24-48 hours (before end of estrus)
gestation
335 days
T/F 1st heat is usually not as fertile as the 2nd heat
true
when does foal heat occur?
9-14 days after birth
how many days from foaling to breeding in 2nd heat cycle?
30-33 days
most operations are how big?
small; fewer than 20
percent of pleasure horses?
46%
percent of farm/ranch work horses?
25%
percent of breeding horses?
16%
percent of show/comp horses?
10%
percent of lesson horses?
1%
percent of racing horses?
1%
percent of “other” horses?
1%
what five things do farm/ranch work involve?
cattle work, ranch work, roping, cutting, cow sense
ranch work
work livestock over rough terrain
roping
close contact to animals, high agility
cutting
highly athletic, trained to respond to calf movement after separation from herd
cow sense
seem to have greater interest in cattle
four events in horse shows?
riding, jumping, barrel racing, and rodeo
halter
confirmation and structure of horse
riding
performance of the horse and rider
jumping
timed and scored competition
barrel racing
speed and agility
rodeo
compete in events designed to replicate ranch work
lessons include…
teaching how to ride, self confidence, and therapeudic uses
racing performances are influenced by
surface, condition, age, level of training, nutrition
T/F horses are the most studied out of all of livestock
false
why are horses not studied as often?
long gestation, recreational use (low profit vs cattle), age to puberty, 1 offspring per year, lack of accurate records
what do we feed horses?
roughages: grass, alfalfa, hay
scapula human name?
shoulder blade
scapula equine name?
shoulder blade
shoulder blade scientific name?
scapula
humerus human name?
upper arm
humerus equine name?
upper arm
upper arm scientific name?
humerus
radius/ulna human name?
forearm
radius/ulna equine name?
forearm
forearm scientific name?
radius/ulna
carpus human name?
wrist
carpus equine name?
knee
knee scientific name?
carpus
metacarpal human name?
hand
metacarpal equine name?
cannon
cannon scientific name?
metacarpal
metacarpalphalangeal human name?
knuckle
metacarpalphalangeal equine name?
fetlock
fetlock scientific name?
metacarpalphalangeal
proximal phalanx human name?
P-1
proximal phalanx equine name?
long pastern
long pastern scientific name?
proximal phalanx
medial phalanx human name?
P-2
medial phalanx equine name?
short pastern
short pastern scientific name?
medial phalanx
distal phalanx human name?
P-3
distal phalanx equine name?
coffin
coffin scientific name?
distal phalanx
why is proper conformation of a horse important?
for the health and function of the horse
three types of gaits
walk, canter, trot/pace
walk
4 beat gait
walk is mainly for what
draft
slow is what kind of efficiency?
low
canter
3 beat gait
fast is what kind of efficiency?
low
trot/pace
2 beat gait
moderate is what kind of efficiency?
high
conformation
shape and structure of a horse
horse’s neck should be _______ the length of the head
1 1/2 times
what angles should be between 40-55 degrees?
shoulder and pastern
why do the shoulder and pastern angles need to be between 40-55 degrees?
for good distribution of weight
T/F horses most the worst with a long neck and short back
false
correct leg structure can improve ________ and reduce ___________
performance, lameness
