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ANS > Beef > Flashcards

Beef Flashcards

1
Q

european

A

bos taurus

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2
Q

continental

A

bos taurus

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3
Q

zebu

A

bos indicus

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4
Q

synthetic

A

crossbreeding between bos taurus and bos indicus

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5
Q

Hereford

A

european

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6
Q

Angus

A

european

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7
Q

Shorthorn

A

european

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8
Q

Charlois

A

continental

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9
Q

Simmental

A

continental

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10
Q

Limousin

A

continental

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11
Q

Brahman

A

zebu

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12
Q

Brangus

A

synthetic

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13
Q

what is Brangus made up of

A

Brahman x Angus

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14
Q

european and continental breeds were selected for what

A

meat quality

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15
Q

brahman were selected for what

A

heat and parasite resistance

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16
Q

what years did the beef consumption rate grow?

A

1867-1972

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17
Q

what years did the beef consumption rate decline?

A

1972-2000

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18
Q

order of industries?

A

purebreeders, cow/calf, stocker, feedlot, packers

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19
Q

percent of cash reciepts?

A

70%

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20
Q

percent of beef cows

A

60%

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21
Q

percent of cattle on field?

A

85%

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22
Q

percent of cattle slaughtered

A

80%

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23
Q

what do purebreeeders specialize in?

A

cow/calf producing

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24
Q

who provides the genetic material for beef supply chain

A

purebreeders

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25
Q

what percent of beef cattle are AI

A

<3%

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26
Q

what percent of beef cattle are embryo transfer

A

<1%

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27
Q

how many calves every year?

A

1

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28
Q

when do we wean beef calves?

A

5-7 months (400-600 lbs)

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29
Q

what percent of extensive crossbreeding do beef breeders do?

A

> 80%

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30
Q

how much does a 2 breed rotation increase heterosis?

A

15%

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31
Q

how much does a 3 breed rotation increase heterosis?

A

23%

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32
Q

how much does a 4 breed rotation increase heterosis?

A

24%

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33
Q

T/F a higher number of breeds in a breeding rotation makes the increase in heterosis increase the most in the long run

A

false, it levels out

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34
Q

how long is gestation?

A

285 days (9 months)

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35
Q

how many days (in total) before rebreeding needs to be done?

A

80 days

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36
Q

how many days is lactational anestrous?

A

60 days

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37
Q

how many days to rebreed?

A

20 days

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38
Q

when do beef calves go to the feedlot?

A

9-11 months (800-900 lbs)

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39
Q

what increases skeletal and muscle development?

A

natural maturation

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40
Q

what do calves eat while in the stocker?

A

forages, pasture and crop residue

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41
Q

when do calves go to the feedlot?

A

850-1200 lbs

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42
Q

what do calves eat at the feedlots?

A

roughages and energy concentrates

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43
Q

what is the purpose of feedlots?

A

increase intramuscular fat, taste of fat, and color of fat

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44
Q

T/F organic means no antibiotics and no hormones

A

true

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45
Q

how old are grainfed cows before the slaughter house

A

14-16 months

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46
Q

how old are grainfed cows when they arrive at the feedlot?

A

9-12 months

47
Q

how long are they in the feedlot?

A

50-120 days

48
Q

corn fed

A

grainfed cows

49
Q

white fat color

A

grainfed cows

50
Q

high fat content

A

grainfed cows

51
Q

consistent fat flavor

A

grainfed cows

52
Q

lower connective tissue

A

grainfed cows

53
Q

lower carbon footprint

A

grainfed cows

54
Q

aged <72 hours

A

grainfed cows

55
Q

more tender meat

A

grainfed cows

56
Q

pasture/range only

A

grassfed

57
Q

> 2 years old

A

grassfed

58
Q

yellow/orange fat color

A

grassfed

59
Q

fat content varies

A

grassfed

60
Q

fat content not USDA graded

A

grassfed

61
Q

fat flavor varies

A

grassfed

62
Q

increased connective tissue

A

grassfed

63
Q

less tender

A

grassfed

64
Q

20+ days aged

A

grassfed

65
Q

higher carbon footprint

A

grassfed

66
Q

takes more time and money

A

grassfed

67
Q

4 companies process over 80% of all beef produced

A

Tyson, Cargill, JBS, National Beef

68
Q

how many head of cattle annually?

A

35 million

69
Q

aging in the packer?

A

72 hours

70
Q

what temperature in the packer?

A

35-40 F

71
Q

quality grade

A

prediction of palatability

72
Q

yield grade

A

estimated proportion of “primary retail cuts” from a carcass

73
Q

who’s meat is tougher

A

older cows’

74
Q

carcass maturity

A

A-E

75
Q

A age?

A

9-30 months

76
Q

B age?

A

30-42 months

77
Q

C age?

A

42-72 months

78
Q

D age?

A

72-96 months

79
Q

E age?

A

> 96 months

80
Q

select

A

almost no intramuscular fat

81
Q

choice

A

medium amount of intramuscular fat

82
Q

prime

A

a lot of intramuscular fat

83
Q

primary retail cuts

A

chuck, rib, lion, round

84
Q

1 yield grade

A

more primary meats, less fat, BETTER

85
Q

5 yield grade

A

more primary cuts, more fat, LESS

86
Q

______ of extramuscular, _________ of intramuscular

A

less, more

87
Q

best meat quality breed?

A

Japanese Wagyu

88
Q

estrous cycle?

A

21 days

89
Q

estrus?

A

12 hours

90
Q

gestation?

A

285 days

91
Q

T/F beef cows are non-seasonal polyestrous?

A

true

92
Q

non-seasonal polyestrous

A

multiple estrous cycles

93
Q

6-8 weeks after calving?

A

spring work: dehorning, vax, brand, castration

94
Q

5-7 months after calving?

A

fall work: weaning, pregnancy check

95
Q

weaning?

A

5-7 months (400-600 lbs)

96
Q

sell offspring?

A

100% steers, 60% heifers

97
Q

keep offspring?

A

40% heifers

98
Q

keep offspring cycle?

A

replacement females, cull cows, heifer breeding season, calve, breed

99
Q

how many heifers are replacement females?

A

40%

100
Q

how many heifers are cull cows?

A

10-15%

101
Q

weight during stocker?

A

750-850 lbs

102
Q

weight during feedlot?

A

1150-1200 lbs

103
Q

virgin heifer

A

easiest to breed but highest dystocia rate

104
Q

1st calf cow

A

hardest to breed, extra month to recover

105
Q

benefits of spring calving

A

nutrition and weather

106
Q

cons of spring calving

A

value

107
Q

who prefers spring calving?

A

northern states

108
Q

benefits of fall calving

A

value

109
Q

cons of fall calving

A

weather and nutrition

110
Q

who prefers fall calving?

A

southern states

111
Q

value of meat is related to what?

A

supply and demand

112
Q

how many days do 1st calf cows have before rebreeding?

A

110 days

113
Q

how many days do the rest of the herd have before rebreeding?

A

80 days

ANS (13 decks)

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