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RRPA Pathophysiology II > Reproductive Mace > Flashcards

Reproductive Mace Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functions of the productive system?

A
  1. production of gametes

2. fertilization

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2
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

in the fallopian tubes

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3
Q

If TDF (testis determining factor) is present during development, what will the testes produce?

A

testosterone: induces development of mesonephric duct

MIF/AMH: inhibits female development

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4
Q

If there is no Y-chromosome the embryo will go into default and what duct will be produced?

A

Paramesonephric duct aka Müllerian Duct

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5
Q

External structure of the testis?

A

tunica vaginalis

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6
Q

Internal structure of the testis?

A

albuginea

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7
Q

What does the blood testis barrier do?

A

prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells

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8
Q

What do sustentacular cells in the seminiferous tubules produce that inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing FSH and LH?

A

inhibin

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9
Q

Sustentacular cells also produce ABP that stimulate the production of ?

A

testosterone

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10
Q

LH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete?

A

testosterone

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11
Q

Is ejaculation mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

Is resolution where the penis becomes flaccid mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

Is erection mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

parasympathetic

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14
Q

After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes what kind of cells to resist abrasion?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

The corpus luteum develops into a dead, empty shell known as the?

A

corpus albicans

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16
Q

granulose cells in the primary follicle produce?

A

estrogen

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17
Q

In the first stage of oogenesis (prenatal), the primary oocyte stops in what phase ?

A

prophase I

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18
Q

What is occurring in the second stage of oogenesis (adolescence to menopause)?

A
  • meiosis I is finishing
  • the first polar body dies
  • the secondary oocyte is ovulated
  • start of meiosis II
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19
Q

What is occurring during the third stage of oogenesis (fertilization)?

A
  • if secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it dies
  • if fertilized, it goes through meiosis II and becomes a zygote
  • second polar body dies
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20
Q

During primordial follicle development, the egg is referred to as?

A

primary oocyte (prophase I)

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21
Q

During the primary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?

A

primary oocyte

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22
Q

During the secondary follicle stage , the egg is referred to ask?

A

starts as primary oocyte then transforms into secondary oocyte

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23
Q

During the mature/tertiary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?

A

secondary oocyte arrested in meiosis II/metaphase

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24
Q

During ovulation the egg is referred to as?

A

secondary oocyte arrested

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25
Q

If the egg is fertilized during ovulation it can now be referred to as?

A

a zygote

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26
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function.

Egg maturation?

A

estrogen

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27
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Maintaining pregnancy?

A

progesterone

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28
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Proliferation of stratum functionalis?

A

estrogen

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29
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Development of secondary sex characteristics that appear in puberty ?

A

estrogen

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30
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Breast development ?

A

progesterone

31
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function.

Prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy ?

A

progesterone

32
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function.

Drops in middle age and leads to menopause ?

A

estrogen

33
Q

Name which hormone is responsible for the function.

Its cyclic absence leads to onset of menstrual cycle ?

A

estrogen

34
Q

What days does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occur?

A

d1-d13

35
Q

What day does the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle occur?

A

d14

36
Q

What days does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle occur?

A

d15-d28

37
Q

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an FSH being in charge and folliculogenesis occurring ?

A

follicular phase

38
Q

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an LH surge and requires a continuous increase of estrogen ?

A

ovulation phase

39
Q

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum ?

A

luteal phase

40
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete ?

A

estrogen and progesterone

41
Q

During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does nutrient enrichment, mature endometrial gland, and fully developed spiral arteries occur?

A

secretory phase (day15-26)

42
Q

During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does extrusion of stratum functionalis occur?

A

menstrual phase (d1-d5)

43
Q

During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does retraction of spiral arteries and cell death by necrosis occur?

A

premenstrual phase (d27-28)

44
Q

During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does regrowth of stratum functionalis, angiogenesis of spiral arteries and building of endometrial glands occur ?

A

proliferative phase (d6-d14)

45
Q

which hormone is in charge of the proliferative phase ?

A

estrogen

46
Q

which hormone is in charge of the secretory phase ?

A

progesterone

47
Q

Which hormone level reaches its maximum during the luteal phase ?

A

progesterone

48
Q

Which two hormones are peaking around day 13, right before ovulation?

A

LH and estrogen

49
Q

Describe the structural hierarchy of the mammary gland.

A

alveoli; lobule; lobe; lactiferous sinus

50
Q

Development of the mammary gland occurs during?

A

puberty –> thelarche

51
Q

During female sexual arousal phase, the uterus stands more ?

A

superiorly

52
Q

During female sexual arousal phase, the labia minora becomes ?

A

vasocongested and may extend beyond the labia

53
Q

During female sexual plateau phase, the lower one-third of the vagina ___ and the clitoris is ___?

A

vagina constricts the penis and the clitoris is engorged and its glans withdrawn

54
Q

Which fluid carries spermatozoa thus carrying genetic material for ovum fertilization?

A

sperm

55
Q

Which fluid neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra in preparation for passage of the sperm ?

A

Cowper’s fluid from the bulbourethral glands

56
Q

Which fluid has nutrients, and protects the sperm, correcting the pH in the vagina/male urethra?

A

seminal fluid

57
Q

Which fluid enhances sperm motility and also corrects the pH in the vagina/male urethra?

A

prostatic fluid (thin, milky, alkaline)

58
Q

Which fluid contains fructose, prostaglandins, and is alkaline?

A

seminal fluid

59
Q

Which fluid is mucus-like fluid?

A

Cowper’s fluid

60
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

fertilization

A

after

61
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

rapidly rising FSH

A

before

62
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

rapidly rising LH

A

before

63
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

rapidly rising Estrogen

A

before

64
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

low estrogen

A

this could be before or after, BUT the lowest is BEFORE

65
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

estrogen inhibition of GnRH release

A

before

66
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

shedding of the endometrium

A

before

67
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

secretory phase

A

after

68
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

rapidly declining FSH and LH

A

before

69
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

implantation

A

after

70
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

menses

A

before

71
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

progesterone peak

A

after

72
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

proliferative phase

A

before

73
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

constriction of endometrial arteries

A

after

74
Q

Does this process occur before or after ovulation?

formation of a zygote

A

after

RRPA Pathophysiology II (16 decks)

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