Reproductive Mace Flashcards
What are the two functions of the productive system?
- production of gametes
2. fertilization
Where does fertilization occur?
in the fallopian tubes
If TDF (testis determining factor) is present during development, what will the testes produce?
testosterone: induces development of mesonephric duct
MIF/AMH: inhibits female development
If there is no Y-chromosome the embryo will go into default and what duct will be produced?
Paramesonephric duct aka Müllerian Duct
External structure of the testis?
tunica vaginalis
Internal structure of the testis?
albuginea
What does the blood testis barrier do?
prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells
What do sustentacular cells in the seminiferous tubules produce that inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing FSH and LH?
inhibin
Sustentacular cells also produce ABP that stimulate the production of ?
testosterone
LH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete?
testosterone
Is ejaculation mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?
sympathetic
Is resolution where the penis becomes flaccid mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?
sympathetic
Is erection mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?
parasympathetic
After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes what kind of cells to resist abrasion?
stratified squamous epithelium
The corpus luteum develops into a dead, empty shell known as the?
corpus albicans
granulose cells in the primary follicle produce?
estrogen
In the first stage of oogenesis (prenatal), the primary oocyte stops in what phase ?
prophase I
What is occurring in the second stage of oogenesis (adolescence to menopause)?
- meiosis I is finishing
- the first polar body dies
- the secondary oocyte is ovulated
- start of meiosis II
What is occurring during the third stage of oogenesis (fertilization)?
- if secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it dies
- if fertilized, it goes through meiosis II and becomes a zygote
- second polar body dies
During primordial follicle development, the egg is referred to as?
primary oocyte (prophase I)
During the primary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?
primary oocyte
During the secondary follicle stage , the egg is referred to ask?
starts as primary oocyte then transforms into secondary oocyte
During the mature/tertiary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?
secondary oocyte arrested in meiosis II/metaphase
During ovulation the egg is referred to as?
secondary oocyte arrested
If the egg is fertilized during ovulation it can now be referred to as?
a zygote
Name which hormone is responsible for the function.
Egg maturation?
estrogen
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Maintaining pregnancy?
progesterone
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Proliferation of stratum functionalis?
estrogen
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Development of secondary sex characteristics that appear in puberty ?
estrogen
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Breast development ?
progesterone
Name which hormone is responsible for the function.
Prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy ?
progesterone
Name which hormone is responsible for the function.
Drops in middle age and leads to menopause ?
estrogen
Name which hormone is responsible for the function.
Its cyclic absence leads to onset of menstrual cycle ?
estrogen
What days does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d1-d13
What day does the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d14
What days does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d15-d28
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an FSH being in charge and folliculogenesis occurring ?
follicular phase
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an LH surge and requires a continuous increase of estrogen ?
ovulation phase
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum ?
luteal phase
What does the corpus luteum secrete ?
estrogen and progesterone
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does nutrient enrichment, mature endometrial gland, and fully developed spiral arteries occur?
secretory phase (day15-26)
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does extrusion of stratum functionalis occur?
menstrual phase (d1-d5)
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does retraction of spiral arteries and cell death by necrosis occur?
premenstrual phase (d27-28)
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does regrowth of stratum functionalis, angiogenesis of spiral arteries and building of endometrial glands occur ?
proliferative phase (d6-d14)
which hormone is in charge of the proliferative phase ?
estrogen
which hormone is in charge of the secretory phase ?
progesterone
Which hormone level reaches its maximum during the luteal phase ?
progesterone
Which two hormones are peaking around day 13, right before ovulation?
LH and estrogen
Describe the structural hierarchy of the mammary gland.
alveoli; lobule; lobe; lactiferous sinus
Development of the mammary gland occurs during?
puberty –> thelarche
During female sexual arousal phase, the uterus stands more ?
superiorly
During female sexual arousal phase, the labia minora becomes ?
vasocongested and may extend beyond the labia
During female sexual plateau phase, the lower one-third of the vagina ___ and the clitoris is ___?
vagina constricts the penis and the clitoris is engorged and its glans withdrawn
Which fluid carries spermatozoa thus carrying genetic material for ovum fertilization?
sperm
Which fluid neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra in preparation for passage of the sperm ?
Cowper’s fluid from the bulbourethral glands
Which fluid has nutrients, and protects the sperm, correcting the pH in the vagina/male urethra?
seminal fluid
Which fluid enhances sperm motility and also corrects the pH in the vagina/male urethra?
prostatic fluid (thin, milky, alkaline)
Which fluid contains fructose, prostaglandins, and is alkaline?
seminal fluid
Which fluid is mucus-like fluid?
Cowper’s fluid
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
fertilization
after
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
rapidly rising FSH
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
rapidly rising LH
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
rapidly rising Estrogen
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
low estrogen
this could be before or after, BUT the lowest is BEFORE
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
estrogen inhibition of GnRH release
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
shedding of the endometrium
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
secretory phase
after
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
rapidly declining FSH and LH
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
implantation
after
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
menses
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
progesterone peak
after
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
proliferative phase
before
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
constriction of endometrial arteries
after
Does this process occur before or after ovulation?
formation of a zygote
after
